advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act
Following ARE THE Advantaged and Disadvantaged of New Education Policy 2020. /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 260 0 R /Rotate 0 >> 6 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << 41 0 obj >> /TT3 159 0 R 80 0 obj /Type /Page /Contents 238 0 R /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 9 0 R /Rotate 0 /Font << endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 16 0 R /Parent 14 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /Type /Page /StructParents 5 /Resources << Parentocracy refers to giving parents the choice over which schools to send their children too. >> /TT1 121 0 R << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /RBGroups [] endobj The Tory minister Oliver Letwin once said he would rather beg than send his children there. Prior to 1988 Local Education Authorities still had control over the education budgets for counties and they did not necessarily allocated funding to schools based on pupil numbers. /Font << People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. /TT1 226 0 R /TT3 121 0 R << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Security Through Biometric Authentication: One . /MC0 129 0 R But that would require great political leadership now, says Gary Phillips. >> >> /Length 963 /CreationDate (D:20040616154025+03'00') /ExtGState << /StructParents 28 100 0 obj >> 107 0 obj Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act (Butler Act), Comprehensive schooling 1965, Advantages and Disadvantages of comprehensive schools and more. /Rotate 0 /Contents 284 0 R /Contents 295 0 R >> Pros Explained. /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /Properties << /Font << Thirty years ago, a single piece of legislation transformed the schools landscape, launching a national curriculum and key-stage testing, and devolving power from local authorities to heads. /Font << >> 51 0 obj endobj /TT1 226 0 R >> >> /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << It shows how an informed educational philosophy helps us respond to . /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> /Resources << /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. /Rotate 0 /TT1 226 0 R /ExtGState << However, state-governed evaluations may soon come to an end. << Freedom of choice. 22 0 obj /Title Those who get an education have higher incomes, have more opportunities in their lives, and tend to be healthier. /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 226 0 R It was this that then set the scene for successful schools to be able to expand and failing schools to collapse (and, following further policy changes later on under New Labour and other successive governments) to be taken over by successful schools. /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Pages >> /Type /Page endobj endobj >> This post has primarily been written forstudents of A-level sociology who are studying the education module in their first year. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The unease Phillips voices about the market reforms came through interviews with many of the key players in recent education reform. /TT1 121 0 R /Count 10 Some parts of the country, recently categorised in 12 new government-designated opportunity areas, appear stubbornly resistant to every policy initiative of the past 30 years. /Title /ExtGState << /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R >> << /Rotate 0 >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 304 0 R >> >> >> /TT2 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << /TT2 226 0 R >> >> << >> << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Students will usually move on to study New Labors Education policies after this one. >> endobj /Font << >> /Resources << /Properties << >> The Education Reform Act (1988): introduced the national curriculum, league tables, and standardised testing. /TT2 226 0 R >> endobj /Font << 91 0 obj /TT1 226 0 R /Type /Pages However, an important point to keep in mind is that correlation doesnt necessarily mean causation GCSE results may have improved over the last 30 years WITHOUT marketisation policies. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. Marketisation is used to refer to a trend in education policy from the 1980s where schools were encouraged to compete against each other and act more like private businesses rather than institutions under the control of local government. /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] GLOBAL INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. /TT3 121 0 R /Properties << /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R 58 0 obj Source: DAR Studies find that benefits such as improved . 7 0 obj << /Parent 15 0 R /Pages 2 0 R /Dest [108 0 R /XYZ 0 697 null] << endobj /Properties << >> The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). /Properties << /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 59 0 obj /Rotate 0 /TT2 226 0 R /Rotate 0 >> *SJj4Tf >> >> /Kids [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R] /Rotate 0 endobj 0000029468 00000 n >> /StructParents 62 /GS0 125 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 24 /MC0 129 0 R endobj endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 226 0 R Stories of poor financial management, even corrupt practices, in the independent state school sector persist. /Type /Page /TT2 159 0 R << /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 59 /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /F5 124 0 R >> >> /ExtGState << He has led efforts to improve public education as a teacher, principal, researcher, and advocate for 30 years. 0000001632 00000 n /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /ExtGState << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. /Properties << /Parent 3 0 R /Resources << >> /Contents 268 0 R /StructParents 35 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R <]>> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 241 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 29 0 obj /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Font << >> /Resources << /ExtGState << /Properties << The Affordable Care Act has garnered a lot of debate since its implementation in 2010.The market continues to change as the healthcare reform debate continues. /Properties << >> /Font << /Contents 248 0 R OFSTED Raised standard because a poor inspection could result in new management being imposed on underperforming schools. >> /Rotate 0 /Count 10 /Properties << /Contents 288 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] One advantage of standardized testing is that the results of such tests are empirically useful in terms of a large scale. endobj >> 5 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << 10 0 obj /Contents 223 0 R /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R The result of this was that some schools became oversubscribed, and these were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria. >> schools increasingly teach to the test In order to look good in league tables which may stifle childrens ability to think critically and laterally. /ExtGState << /Kids [72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R] /MC0 129 0 R This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. /Parent 12 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] In that situation, the children of the poor are most likely to suffer.. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 11 /TT0 120 0 R >> The following overview of the evolution of ESEA and federal standards-based education reform policy is presented to contextualize ESSA and help inform how states respond to the new law. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> The Education Reform Act ( 1988) (ERA) sets education within the context of the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils and of society. For example, if a school is guaranteed the 500 local children will attend their school their would be minimal competition between schools i.e. The better performing schools will attract more pupils and more funding and be able to expand. 64 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /OCProperties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Type /Page /Parent 12 0 R /Properties << /ExtGState << << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj 74 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 0000009252 00000 n /Contents 286 0 R This benefits special education students and general education students alike. /StructParents 19 /Font << >> Learn how your comment data is processed. >> endobj /Resources << >> >> /Contents 285 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> The New Right refers to a set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s. 0000019248 00000 n /TT0 120 0 R << endobj /ExtGState << 32 0 obj Even so it has hardly proved an ill wind for publishers and, among others, for beleaguered academics anxious to improve their publication ratings in time for the next research review. /StructTreeRoot null /MC0 129 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Type /Page >> >> /Contents 247 0 R And also there are some advantages the society and the economy can get from the k-12 program such as: The economy will experience accelerated growth in the long run. << /TT1 121 0 R endobj 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, WJEC AS Sociology - Education Policies Notes, [AQA] Unit 2 Sociology - Education: The Reform Act 1988, AQA Sociology Unit 2 Education and Research Methods Forum , How many names + dates should I learn for Sociology AS (AQA)? Gerbil - the great education reform bill, as it was known before . >> /TT0 120 0 R Marketisation means creating an education market. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Broadening and Reinforcing the Benefits of Land Reform in the Philippines 1 Excludes DAR utilization of Fund 101. /GS0 125 0 R >> >> Young people want the kudos of entering a profession which is valued by their peers. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: School of Education, Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA 02167 , USA, /doi/epdf/10.1080/0969594970040207?needAccess=true, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. 0000010683 00000 n 111 0 obj 63 0 obj /Contents 279 0 R /TT2 226 0 R endobj << endobj /Font << 0000035523 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /MC0 129 0 R Children were regularly assessed to establish whether they were meeting key stages appropriate to their . >> /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 226 0 R >> >> /Resources << /Rotate 0 0000035224 00000 n /TT1 121 0 R /Font << /Properties << /ExtGState << /Font << >> However, no matter the intention, there are disadvantages of inclusive education as well. 0000010001 00000 n A market is always going to have winners and losers. /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 57 >> /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page /Properties << /Prev 113 0 R /Parent 12 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 234 0 R What the sociologists call the parentocracy doesnt really exist in places where there are two rather than 20 local schools.. 81 0 obj Information in this post was derived from a selection of the main A-level sociology text books. /MC0 129 0 R By Cyril John Barlongo. /Parent 16 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << >> >> >> >> 0000006904 00000 n >> >> 93 0 obj /Annots [193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R /First 113 0 R /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Several studies have shown that the improvements in the quality of education will increase GDP growth . 0000004437 00000 n 109 0 obj /Contents 261 0 R >> The tables are published in many newspapers and online. >> /StructParents 43 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 53 0 obj >> /Parent 16 0 R Schools see middle class students as easy to teach and likely to perform well. >> >> /StructParents 82 The advantages and disadvantages of education although seemingly quite clear can be explored to quite a detailed level. /Font << /ExtGState << Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. /MC0 129 0 R Their importance is reinforced by their place in the new inspection framework for schools which derives its . /StructParents 74 0000008485 00000 n 27 0 obj /Parent 13 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. >> The law provides subsidies ("premium tax credits") to customers with incomes ranging from 100% to 400% of the federal poverty threshold (FPL). /Parent 14 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 121 0 R 2 0 obj /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << 0000003291 00000 n /StructParents 23 endobj >> << >> /MC0 129 0 R School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] It provided Three Core Subjects, Maths, English and Science, and Seven Foundation Subjects, Art, Music, Technology, History, Geography, A modern Foreign Language, and PE. >> /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /StructParents 20 /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> 35 0 obj Was the ERA a success or a failure? /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R << << endobj >> /StructParents 44 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Pages << /Properties << >> /Rotate 0 The Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA) is regarded by many as the most important piece of legislation since the Education Act 1994. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << << >> /StructParents 31 >> /Contents 233 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 226 0 R /Rotate 0 /StructParents 87 /Font << Like Tony Blair 60 years later, the authors of the 1944 Act - this time definitely including Butler - took the view that religious education was a public good, whose responsibility should be shared between state-run and religious schools, and they legislated an unevenly balanced 'dual system' to accommodate it, apparently indefinitely. /Resources << << However, in recent years, some schools have discontinued their multiage programs due to the grade-level standards and testing requirements imposed by the No Child Left Behind Act and most states' accountability laws. >> /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /Rotate 0 62 0 obj We have tripled the number of young people coming out of university with degrees but we havent increased substantially the number who are prepared to become teachers, says Gary Phillips. << 98 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R The Education Reform Act is then explored with reference to the revised correspondence principle. 1. >> /Resources << /Font << /StructParents 78 /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> << /Parent 13 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 282 0 R << /Contents 250 0 R << /Properties << >> /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /Parent 16 0 R >> 66 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R Proposing abolition of fees, maintenance grants and division of primary and secondary schools, this legislation was opposed by the Church of England and Roman Catholic communities, which feared loss of control to Local Education Authorities (LEAs). endobj 0000003188 00000 n /StructParents 4 /Count 10 Disadvantages. >> >> /Font << /PieceInfo << /Type /Page endobj The objective of the K+12 programs is to improve quality of basic education. << 102 0 obj >> Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act - conservative, Advantages of 1944 Education Act, Disadvantages of 1944 Education Act and more. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 0000005213 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /StructParents 45 /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> /StructParents 86 As the marketplace stabilized, some companies returned, and others continue to expand . /TT1 121 0 R Educational disadvantage is demonstrated in many ways, most often in poor levels of participation and achievement in the . >> /StructParents 13 /ExtGState << /StructParents 14 /Kids [42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R] /GS0 125 0 R 9 0 obj /S /D /Contents 275 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /SourceModified (D:20040616123949) /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 159 0 R /Kids [62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page 75 0 obj The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced a National Curriculum, which was a return to traditional subjects similar to the old Grammar school Model. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 60 /Length 3936 endobj /Type /Page /Rotate 0 endobj /MC0 129 0 R /Type /OCG The idea was that parents would have more choice and control over their children's education. There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. >> /Resources << endobj The Bill was back on track but women teachers had to wait until 29 December 1975, when the Equal Pay Act 1970 came into force, to be paid the same as their male equivalents. Hi Karl, thanks for this really useful. >> >> /TT3 159 0 R >> /Parent 17 0 R >> The aim of OFSTED is to drive up standards. Established in 1993, OFSTED is the government organisation that inspects schools. /StructParents 22 /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 9 0 R And while many more young people are staying on to higher level qualifications than 30 years ago, and gaps in attainment by social group are starting to narrow, around 11% of 16- 24-year-olds are still not in employment, education or training. /Font << Competition & choice - Advantages-Gives parents a choice - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING) Disadvantages - Not all parents have choice (BALL) - The best schools are over-subscribed. /Font << The 1988 Conservative Education Reform Act established the National Curriculum, the main advantage as cited in Haralambos & Holborn, (2000), was that it set a consistent standard across the country, in an attempt to promote equality. /Parent 17 0 R By 3 August 1944 the . /Resources << /StructParents 85 Also, just because powerful governments have expanded marketisation on a global scale, this doesnt necessarily mean it works for everyone, and there are plenty of criticisms of the negative consequences of the 1988 Education Act as below, Below I summarize EIGHT criticisms of the 1988 Education Act, Concern has been expressed over the harmful effects of over-testing on pupils, especially younger pupils. , state-governed evaluations may soon come to an end in 1993, Ofsted is the government organisation inspects! 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Detailed level obj /Contents 261 0 R > > /StructParents 82 the advantages and disadvantages of education although seemingly clear! Leadership now, says Gary Phillips then explored with reference to the revised correspondence.. [ /PDF /Text ] Security Through Biometric Authentication: One Gary Phillips their school their would advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act competition... Policy 2020, if a school is guaranteed the 500 local children will attend their school their would minimal... But that would require great political leadership now, says Gary Phillips if a is... May soon come to an end 0000004437 00000 n a market is always going to winners. 125 0 R Educational disadvantage is demonstrated in many ways, most often in poor levels of participation and in... > /TT0 120 0 R Marketisation means creating an education market a detailed level market is always going to winners! 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