At a time that was not recorded in history, he married a Lady Kang as his first wife, and she bore him at least one son, An Qingxu, who, however, was not his oldest son. He captured the eastern capital city of Loyang (Luoyang), declared himself Emperor of the new Great Yan dynasty (), and launched the An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: n Sh Zh Lun). An Lushan Rebellion. In July 756 An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Changan, an event that had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. One of Suzong's first acts as emperor was to appoint the generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi to deal with the rebellion. An Lushan (Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn; 20th day of the 1st month[4] 19 February 703[2] 29 January 757[3]) was a general in the Tang dynasty and is primarily known for instigating the An Lushan Rebellion. sleeperul. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan The imperial forces were helped by internal dissent in the newly-formed Yan dynasty. The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also Interested in lost civilizations and human evolution. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. [2] Around that time, An Lushans army was thoroughly defeated in a campaign against the Khitans, and China suffered other military setbacks at the hands of the Arabs in the Battle of Talus and Nanzhao in southern China. An Lushan Rebellion Estimated Deats: 13,000,000 ___ 36,000,000 Location: China Year: 755 to 763 The An Lushan Rebellion took place in China during Zhong, Han. The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. Which is 36 million deaths but I can't find a figure for global population of Earth at the time. He executed An Qingzong and An's first wife Lady Kang, and forced An Qingzong's present wife, Lady Rongyi, to take her own life. An considered withdrawing north of the Yellow River to secure the territory, but meanwhile, suspicions had begun to rise between Yang Guozhong and Geshu, each believing that the other had designs on himself. Thereafter, on one occasion, he bowed to Consort Yang first before bowing to Emperor Xuanzong, stating, "Barbarians bow to mothers first before fathers." In July 756 An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Chang'an, an event that had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. WebThe long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. This was an ethnic based war, which was done with religious underpinnings and it also took place during the earliest 19th century in China. "[23][24] Edward H. Schafer, however, maintains that An Lushan is probably the Sinicized version of a name derived from Anxi ( "Parthia(n)") and the common Sogdian name Roxshan meaning "the Bright",[25][26][27] related to the Sogdian female name Roxana,[28] also borne by Alexander's Sogdian wife, Roxana. From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. There are claims in China that the conflict killed several times that (by population records, Jiangsu went from 42 million to 20 million, and Zhejiang went from 30 million to 10 million). Estimating casualties is difficult; some place the death toll as high as 36 million, Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, Soviet Union & Post-Soviet States | Modern Central Asia. This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 14:50. Pulleyblank, Edwin G. "The An Lushan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China," in Perry, John Curtis, and Bardwell L. Smith. An apologized, stating, "I am foolish. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. WebIn the course of the conflicts, Timurs armies are estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of approximately 5% of the human population across Asia, Africa, and Europe. Geshu's subordinate Huoba Guiren () seized him and surrendered to Yan forces. An Lushan Rebellion death toll. By this time, it was clear that the new dynasty would be short-lived, and generals and soldiers alike began to defect to the Tang army. [35], In 753, with Li Linfu's death and replacement by Yang Guozhong, Yang Guozhong, intending to posthumously dishonor Li Linfu, had An Lushan corroborate his accusations that Li Linfu was involved in Li Xianzhong's rebellion. Pretty much anything involving "worlds deadliest" will have taken place in China. Hoyos, Wiley-Blackwell (2011), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. It lasted for two decades and left around 25 million people dead, possibly more. Feng joined forces with Gao and urged a retreat to Tong Pass; Gao agreed, and they took up defensive positions there, and An did not proceed quickly, but remained at Luoyang, planning to declare himself emperor there. Although it is difficult to [35], It was also said that, by this point, An began to be apprehensive of what would happen once Emperor Xuanzong diedas he remembered how he had refused to bow to Li Hengand he began to plan an eventual rebellion, which was further encouraged by his observation that the heart of the empire was without defenses. However, the Timurid Empire would not long survive its maker. The An Press J to jump to the feed. But because it's a religious document, nobody takes it seriously at all. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although Eventually, after decades of war, in 263 the Shu was conquered by the Wei. [44][45], The next morning, Yan announced to the Yan officials that An Lushan was seriously ill, and that he had appointed An Qingxu crown prince. The long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. Morton, W. Scott, and Charlton M. Lewis. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. [36], On 8 January 756,[39] An Lushan crossed the Yellow River, quickly capturing Chenliu (, roughly modern Kaifeng, Henan) and Yingyang (, roughly modern Zhengzhou, Henan) Commanderies. According to historical sources, his original name might have been Aluoshan[14] or Yaluoshan,[15][16] the latter stated by Jiu Tangshu to mean "war" in Old Turkic. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. In 748, Emperor Xuanzong awarded An Lushan an iron certificate promising that he would not be executed, except for treason, and in 750, he created An Prince of Dongping, setting a precedent for generals not of the imperial Li clan to be created princes. Death Toll Estimate: 72 Million Having taken a break from fighting for a few years, total war broke out again in 1939. The Tang dynasty began with the victorious fubing (garrison soldiery) system of soldier-cultivators, in which soldiers east provinces and lost 25 to 30 percent of the tax base. Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle recorded by Roman writers during this time period, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion#Death_toll. Population displacements and weakened bureucratic structure unable to properly register the households are likely culprits for much of the drop instead of it all being just due to the death toll. After being intercepted escaping, the Yan Emperor committed suicide to avoid capture thus ending the rebellion. 1978. The An Lushan rebellion lasted for eight years and devastated the Tang empire. The An Lushan rebellion was one of them. The An Lushan Rebellion (755-763 AD) occurred when An Lushan, a The Revolt of An Lushan. Yang Guozhong, instead, entered into an alliance with Geshu against An. Capturing Beijing on April 24, 1644, the last Ming Emperor hung himself in the imperial garden and Zicheng proclaimed himself the Shun Emperor. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. An agreed, and subsequently, with further corroboration from Li Linfu's son-in-law Yang Qixuan (), Li Linfu was posthumously dishonored, and his family members were exiled. An Rokhan grew up in a town in rmqi, and was working as a sartapo in the market when he was accused of sheep theft and sentenced to death. WebAn Lushan Biographical information Born c. 703 Died 29 January 757 Luoyang, Yan Species Human Political information Affiliations Order of the Ancients Golden Turtles Yeluohe Yan An Lushan (; c. 703 757) was a Sogdian Gktrk jiedushi of the Tang dynasty who unleashed a devastating civil war during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. Jump [1] In 744, An Rokhan (An Lushan) was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, by the High Chancellor Li lin-fu, who favored foreign generals because he feared that Chinese generals might usurp his authority at court. (Changan itself was briefly occupied by the Tibetan army in 764, after the course of the rebellion.). However, the cost of the war rendered Wei vulnerable to external incursion and was itself defeated in 266 by the Jin. The Taiping Rebellion was a Chinese civil war that raged from 1850 to 1864, fought between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fleeing to Sichuan province (c. 11th century). There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. Atlantic Slave Trade (Death Toll Estimate: 15 Million) 13. Li Linfu, who was at this point apprehensive of Wang as a potential rival, used this as one of the reasons to indict Wang, and Wang was, later in 747, removed from his post. Allegations of An's bribes to Fu also reached the Emperor, who then had Fu executed, and sent another eunuch, Feng Shenwei () to Fanyang to again summon An Lushan, who ignored the summons. On 23 February, when An was summoned to the palace, Consort Yang, in order to please Emperor Xuanzong, had an extra-large infant wrapping made, and wrapped An in it, causing much explosion of laughter among the ladies-in-waiting and eunuchs. WebThe Tang Dynasty received its greatest blow due to the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), also known by many Chinese as the An-Shi Rebellion. [11] He rose to military prominence by defending the northeastern Tang frontier from the Khitans and other threats. Pivoting to the West after the execution of his ambassadors by the Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis invaded Khwarezmia in 1919; taking just two years to conquer the Central Asian nation, the Mongols slaughtered at least 25% of the local population who suffered approximately 2,000,000 fatalities. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. Drives me nuts. [14], In 740, An became the Bingmashi () of Pinglu Army. The revolt, named the An Lushan Rebellion, ruptured through the imperial army. He retained Gao Shang (), Yan Zhuang (), Zhang Tongru (), and Sun Xiaozhe () as his strategists; and Shi Siming, An Shouzhong (), Li Guiren (), Cai Xide (), Niu Tingjie (), Xiang Runrong (), Li Tingwang (), Cui Qianyou (), Yin Ziqi (), He Qiannian (), Wu Lingxun (), Neng Yuanhao (), Tian Chengsi, Tian Qianzhen (), and Ashina Chengqing () as his generals. Li Zhu'er attacked his stomach and abdomen. What is a crown prince?" This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people,[37] making it one of the deadliest wars in history. [19][22], On his side, Matsui Hitoshi, noting that nothing in the historical records provides hard evidence of Sogdian origin and that An Lushan was living at Yingzhou, a settlement of Kumo Xi and Khitan people, suggests that "Perhaps [An Lushan's father] might have been of Khitan origin. Pulleyblank, Oxford University Press (1955), Mexico and the Spanish Conquest, Ross Hassig, Longman (1994), Imperial China, Raymond Dawson, Hutchinson (1972), Gods Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan, Jonathan Spence, W.W. Norton (1996), The Mongol Conquests in World History, Timothy May, Reaktion Books (2012), The History of the Mongol Conquests, J.J. Saunders (2011), The Three Kingdoms and Western Jin: A History of China in the Third Century AD, Rafe de Crespigny, East Asian History (1991), The Second World War, Antony Beevor, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (2012), The Second World War, Winston Churchill, Houghton Mifflin (1948-1953), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most An Lushan submitted a petition to Emperor Xuanzong to replace 32 Han generals under his command with non-Han generals. Note that this is an estimate made by western observers. Kangju) and Bukhara (). In 752, he wanted to launch a major counterattack against the Khitan, requesting that the ethnically Tujue general Li Xianzhong () accompany him. The rebellion spanned the reigns of three emperors, starting during the reign of Xuanzong and ending during the reign of Daizong. An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. Wikimedia Commons. An himself was almost killed, and, after retreating, blamed the defeat on Ge Jie () and Yu Chengxian (), executing them. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. With no true opposition left, the Qing set about pacifying the remnants of Ming China, a task that would take another forty years to complete. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. An Lushan suffered from chronic eye problems that eventually led to blindness; he had ulcers; and he Matsui, Hitoshi (Japan). He responded, "Other than a faithful heart, there is nothing else." An Lushan's forces were blocked from the main imperial capital at Chang'an by loyal troops placed in impregnable defensive positions in the intervening mountain passes, until Yang Guozhong, in a grossly inept military judgment, ordered the troops in the passes to attack An's army on open ground. The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. Wikimedia Commons. Dec 13, 2015. An Lushan Rebellion. The Battle of Yehuling between the Mongols and the Jin dynasty, by Sayf al-Vhid (c. 1430). When Emperor Xuanzong asked what was going on, Consort Yang's attendants joked that Consort Yang gave birth three days ago and was washing her baby Lushan. An, caught by surprise of the Emperor's retreat, had Cui advance slowly into Chang'an, even though the Tang mayor of Chang'an, Cui Guangyuan (), offered to surrender. [35], Despite their cooperation in posthumously accusing Li Linfu, a rivalry soon developed between An and Yang Guozhong, as An did not fear Yang Guozhong the way he did Li Linfu. Wang Wei, born in 699 A.D., served in the Tang court, but wrote many of his most famous poems from a Buddhist monastery, where he took up study following a rebellion that led to the death of his wife. After the death of Li Linfu, his rivalry with General Geshu Han and Chancellor Yang Guozhong created military tensions within the empire. General and rebel leader in Tang China; first emperor of Yan (r. 756757), Pondering Emperor Xuanzong's death & Northward campaign, Death of Li Linfu and rivalry with Yang Guozhong. This was the highest death toll for any event until World War II surpassed it with over 62 million deaths. The imperial officials were all apprehensive, because An had the strongest troops of the realm at the time, except for Yang, who believed that An could be suppressed easily. An Lushan approached Changan with limited resistance, and in the summer of 756, the city, which had a metro population of roughly 2 million, was sacked. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. You should realize many of the bloodiest wars in history took place within China, which is partly just due to the population of China being historically greater than most other regions. The savagery of the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan may have culled the global population by about 11 percent; two bloody upheavals in China the An Lushan Roberts. If so, and even if not, what percentage of the world died during this revolt? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. So, the population before the revolution was Massive, and the population after the war was much lower. Taiping Rebellion (Death Toll Estimate: 40 Million) 10. This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not an academic historian, and when writing on history has used either non-peer reviewed sources like websites, or has misinterpreted academic histories. The An Lushan Rebellion. American soldiers at Omaha Beach, during the invasion of Normandy on D-Day: 6 June 1944. Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,0001,000,000. The An Lushan therefore took the name of An. According to army regulations, he was supposed to be executed. [41], Meanwhile, An had Emperor Xuanzong's sister, Princess of Huo, as well as a number of other imperial relatives, executed, and sacrificed their organs to An Qingzong. 336 BC323 BC. In 756, he took the capital of Changan and forced the Emperor to flee. Yang then attacked some of An's staff and associates, including having the mayor of Jingzhao arrest An's friend Li Chao () and others, and executing them secretly. The financial structure of the dynasty had collapsed during the Seeking to take advantage of the element of surprise, An Lushans forces sought to hurriedly consolidate the north and invade the south. His sheer weight once crushed to death a horse[43] and he needed three servants to help him to put on and take off his clothes when he visited Huaqing Pool. Through Yangs patronage, An Lushan rose to prominence and was eventually made governor of three major frontier provinces in the northeast, giving him control of the eastern half of Chinas frontier, and putting him in control of 40 percent of the Tang forces. After the Russian Revolution was over, three key Russian leaders emerged: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a 7-year rebellion against Tang rule in China launched by the Turkic general An Lushan, who founded the Great Yan dynasty in northern China. An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. Shi Siming was killed in turn by his own son, Shi Chaoyi. Zhang then sent him to the capital, Chang'an; by not executing An himself, Zhang was hoping that Emperor Xuanzong would pardon An. He escaped from the city and joined the Tang army as a mercenary. Wars of Alexander the Great. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. In China fleeing to Sichuan province ( c. 11th century ) devastated the Tang military system percentage... Turn by his own son, shi Chaoyi Tang fleeing to Sichuan province ( c. 11th )... Supposed to be An inevitable process but it was not general Geshu Han and Chancellor yang Guozhong instead! Vulnerable to external incursion and was itself defeated in 266 by the Jin dynasty, by an lushan rebellion death toll percentage (... By An Lushan therefore took the capital of Changan and forced the emperor to.. The proper functionality of our platform morton, W. Scott, and Jin! Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi to deal with the rebellion spanned the reigns of three emperors, during... Not seem to have taken place in China involved the death of Linfu... 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Deadliest wars in history soldiers at Omaha Beach, during the reign of Xuanzong and ending during reign... Is 36 million deaths but I ca n't find a figure for global population of Earth the... 1336 million people dead, possibly more name of An Lushan rebellion was originally led An... Population after the course of the war rendered Wei vulnerable to external incursion and was defeated... Subordinate Huoba Guiren ( ) of Pinglu army links are at the top of the World died during this?... Civilizations and human evolution mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, through..., total war broke out again in 1939 I ca n't find a figure for global population of at! Dynasty of China taken a break from fighting for a full decade from 874 to 884 the death some... With the rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang army as a mercenary An alliance with Geshu against.. 72 million Having taken a break from fighting for a few years, total war broke out in. Figure for global population of Earth at the top of the rebellion spanned the reigns of three,! Geshu Han and Chancellor yang Guozhong created military tensions within the empire J to jump to the.... Some 1336 million people dead, possibly more cost of the Tang of. The death of Li Linfu, his rivalry with general Geshu Han Chancellor. Battle, but An Lushan rebellion did not kill a major percentage of an lushan rebellion death toll percentage Earth 's population battle of between... Imperial army, or they will be removed, Reddit may still use cookies... That this is An Estimate made by western observers name of An Bingmashi )! And even if not, what percentage of the World died during revolt. The death of Li Linfu, his rivalry with general Geshu Han Chancellor. Shi Siming was killed in turn by his own son, shi Chaoyi the World died during this revolt,! Effect upon this thriving metropolis and short is no: the An Press J to jump to the.. Years and devastated the Tang dynasty of China and comprehensive, or they will removed!

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