In Mahon a body of armed men from Kentucky forcibly took, without a warrant, a man in West Virginia to bring him back to Kentucky for formal arrest and trial. (Feb. 15, 1876. Sec. 2: See Appendix, Note 1.). Sec. The ______________ model of leadership emphasizes that leaders have different sorts of relationships with different employees. The Constitution of 1836 adapted provisions from Spanish-Mexican law, including: community property, homestead exemptions and protections, and debtor relief. (Feb. 15, 1876. (Feb. 15, 1876. 20. It also empowers Congress to admit new states and administer the territories and other federal lands . The presentment of an indictment or information to a court invests the court with jurisdiction of the cause. Sec. County Courts in existence on the effective date of this amendment are continued unless otherwise provided by law. The board shall complete its work on the reapportionment and file its order with the secretary of state not later than August 31 of the same year. If you have any trouble with our navigation menu, we recommend you use our site map for navigation. COURT ADMINISTRATION AND RULE-MAKING AUTHORITY. The State is entitled to appeal in criminal cases, as authorized by general law. These first amendments were designed to protect individual . REMOVAL OF COUNTY SEATS. County court judges shall have the power to issue writs necessary to enforce their jurisdiction. 32. The legislature shall provide for the necessary expenses of the board. No redistricting plan may be proposed or adopted by the legislature, the Judicial Districts Board, or the Legislative Redistricting Board in anticipation of a future action by the voters of any county. Sec. A district may not be created or a tax levied unless the creation and tax are approved by a majority of the registered voters who reside in the district. (3) satisfying the debts and bond obligations, if any, of the district, in such manner as to protect the interests of the citizens within the district, including their collective property rights in the assets and property of the district, provided, however, that any grant from federal funds, however dispensed, shall be considered an obligation to be repaid in satisfaction and provided that no election to dissolve shall be held more often than once each year. -any person deemed mentally incompetent by the courts. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 4, 1958, and Nov. 6, 2001.) Sec. In the event of such acquisition, if there are any general obligation bonds that the owner of the publicly owned airport facility has outstanding, the same shall be fully assumed by the Authority and sufficient taxes levied by the Authority to discharge said outstanding indebtedness. They seized the opportunity to undo the hated 1869 acts. Sec. 16. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS; DISTRICT JUDGES; TERMS OR SESSIONS; ABSENCE, DISABILITY, OR DISQUALIFICATION OF DISTRICT JUDGE. If such District is created, it may be authorized to levy a tax not to exceed seventy-five cents (75) on the One Hundred Dollar ($100) valuation of taxable property within the District; provided, however, no tax may be levied until approved by a majority vote of the participating resident qualified voters. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. This clause, sometimes referred to as the Guarantee Clause, has long been at the forefront of the debate about the rights of citizens vis--vis the government. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISIONS for Sec. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular state. Attempts to write a new constitution for Texas: have little prospect for success in the next few years. In Corfield v. Coryell, 6 F. Cas. (a) and (b) amended and (c) and (d) added Nov. 8, 1983; Subsec. 13. CREATION AND MODIFICATION OF COUNTIES. 5. (d) added Nov. 4, 1997.). Mandates an "efficient" free public school system. There was no place for reconsideration, or revocation, except through revolution, or through consent of the States. (14) The Legislature may promulgate laws in furtherance of this Section that are not inconsistent with its provisions. If such tax is authorized, the District shall by resolution assume the responsibilities, obligations, and liabilities of the County in the manner and to the extent hereinabove provided for political subdivisions having boundaries co-extensive with the District, and the County shall not thereafter levy taxes (other than herein provided) for hospital purposes nor for providing hospital care for needy individuals of the County. The Extradition Clause requires that fugitives from justice be extradited on the demand of executive authority of the state from which they flee. 11: See Appendix, Note 3.). As James Madison wrote in Federalist No. [7] It would later be applied with regard to the formation of Maine (from Massachusetts) and West Virginia (from Virginia). Clause Two requires that fugitives from justice may be extradited on the demand of executive authority of the state from which they fled. Article Four also requires the United States to protect each state from invasion, and, at the request of a state, from "domestic violence.". 3-b. Some examples of how the government was restricted were: The structure of the current constitution of Texas (Constitution of 1876) is a Preamble, 17 Articles, and 491 Amendments (Since 2015)3. [15], Pursuant to a parallel clause in Article One, Section Eight, the Supreme Court has held that states may not tax such federal property. Sec. 3a: See Appendix, Note 3.). 3: See Appendix, Note 3. The Judges of all Courts of county-wide jurisdiction heretofore or hereafter created by the Legislature of this State, and all Criminal District Attorneys now or hereafter authorized by the laws of this State, shall be elected for a term of four years, and shall serve until their successors have qualified. Amended Nov. 7, 1978, and Nov. 5, 1985.). (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. (b) Each county shall, in the manner provided for justice of the peace and constable precincts, be divided into four commissioners precincts in each of which there shall be elected by the qualified voters thereof one County Commissioner, who shall hold his office for four years and until his successor shall be elected and qualified. protection by the Government; the enjoyment of life and liberty the right of a citizen of one State to pass through, or to reside in any other State, for purposes of trade, agriculture, professional pursuits, or otherwise; to claim the benefits of the writ of habeas corpus; to institute and maintain actions of any kind in the courts of the State; to take, hold and dispose of property, either real or personal; and an exemption from higher taxes or impositions than are paid by the other citizens of the State. Since the 1987 case of Puerto Rico v. Branstad, federal courts may also use the Extradition Clause to require the extradition of fugitives. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. Sec. 23. These rulings have helped shape public opinion among Puerto Ricans during the ongoing debate over the commonwealth's political status. Said Court of Appeals shall have appellate jurisdiction co-extensive with the limits of their respective districts, which shall extend to all cases of which the District Courts or County Courts have original or appellate jurisdiction, under such restrictions and regulations as may be prescribed by law. (2) The State Commission on Judicial Conduct consists of thirteen (13) members, to wit: (i) one (1) Justice of a Court of Appeals; (ii) one (1) District Judge; (iii) two (2) members of the State Bar, who have respectively practiced as such for over ten (10) consecutive years next preceding their selection; (iv) five (5) citizens, at least thirty (30) years of age, not licensed to practice law nor holding any salaried public office or employment; (v) one (1) Justice of the Peace; (vi) one (1) Judge of a Municipal Court; (vii) one (1) Judge of a County Court at Law; and (viii) one (1) Judge of a Constitutional County Court; provided that no person shall be or remain a member of the Commission, who does not maintain physical residence within this State, or who shall have ceased to retain the qualifications above specified for that person's respective class of membership, and provided that a Commissioner of class (i), (ii), (iii), (vii), or (viii) may not reside or hold a judgeship in the same court of appeals district as another member of the Commission. Who were the framers of the Constitution? Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 8, 1977, and Nov. 4, 1980.). The Legislature shall have power to create counties for the convenience of the people subject to the following provisions: (1) Within the territory of any county or counties, no new county shall be created with a less area than seven hundred square miles, nor shall any such county now existing be reduced to a less area than seven hundred square miles. Texas Constitution The state constitution establishes the structure and purpose of the Texas government. (8) After such investigation as it deems necessary, the Commission may in its discretion issue a private or public admonition, warning, reprimand, or requirement that the person obtain additional training or education, or if the Commission determines that the situation merits such action, it may institute formal proceedings and order a formal hearing to be held before it concerning a person holding an office or position specified in Subsection (6) of this Section, or it may in its discretion request the Supreme Court to appoint an active or retired District Judge or Justice of a Court of Appeals, or retired Judge or Justice of the Court of Criminal Appeals or the Supreme Court, as a Master to hear and take evidence in the matter, and to report thereon to the Commission. Sec. This power became an important part of Reconstruction after the American Civil War. A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. the number of securities in the portfolio? Others suggest that citizens of states carry the rights accorded by their home states while traveling in other states. 5a. Commissioners of classes (i), (ii), (vii), and (viii) above shall be chosen by the Supreme Court with advice and consent of the Senate, those of class (iii) by the Board of Directors of the State Bar under regulations to be prescribed by the Supreme Court with advice and consent of the Senate, those of class (iv) by appointment of the Governor with advice and consent of the Senate, and the commissioners of classes (v) and (vi) by appointment of the Supreme Court as provided by law, with the advice and consent of the Senate. VACANCY IN JUDICIAL OFFICE. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, and Nov. 5, 1985.). Said court shall dispose of probate business either in term time or vacation, under such regulation as may be prescribed by law. If such tax is authorized, no political subdivision or municipality within or having the same boundaries as the district may levy a tax for medical or hospital care for needy individuals, nor shall they maintain or erect hospital facilities, but the district shall by resolution assume all such responsibilities and shall assume all of the liabilities and obligations (including bonds and warrants) of such subdivisions or municipalities or both. COUNTY COURTS: TERMS OF COURT; PROBATE BUSINESS. Clause One of Section 2 requires interstate protection of "privileges and immunities". [17] By ensuring that all states must have the same basic republican philosophy, the Guarantee Clause is one of several portions of the Constitution which mandates symmetric federalism between the states. A project created by ISKME. 12. Texas Democrats gained control of Congress in 1873 and decided it was time to draft a new constitution for Texas. James Wilson of Pennsylvania objected, stating it would require that state governments enforce slavery at taxpayers' expense. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License. No more than one (1) such election may be called in a county until after the expiration of one (1) year in the event such an election has failed, and thereafter only upon a petition of ten per cent (10%) of the qualified voters being presented to the Commissioners Court or Commissioners Courts of the county or counties in which such an election has failed. All the obligations of perpetual union, and all the guaranties of republican government in the Union, attached at once to the State. [12], The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.[13]. 29: See Appendix, Note 3.). [14] These holdings include national parks, national forests, recreation areas, wildlife refuges, vast tracts of range and public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management, reservations held in trust for Native American tribes, military bases, and ordinary federal buildings and installations. The board has other powers and duties as provided by the legislature and shall exercise its powers under the policies, rules, standards, and conditions, not inconsistent with this section, that the legislature provides. Authored by: Kris S. Seago. Texas utilizes a plural executive which means the power of the Governor is limited and distributed amongst other government officials.In other words, there is not one government official in Texas that is solely responsible for the Texas Executive Branch. No county shall have less than one (1) member on the Board of Directors. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISIONS for Sec. A jury in the County Court shall consist of six persons; but no jury shall be empaneled to try a civil case unless demanded by one of the parties, who shall pay such jury fee therefor, in advance, as may be prescribed by law, unless the party makes affidavit that the party is unable to pay the jury fee. (2), (6), and (8)-(12) amended and (14) added Nov. 6, 1984; Subsecs. The state legislature can propose amendments to the constitution. (g) (Redesignated as Subsec. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The vote in the House was 69 for repeal and 38 against, which was short of the two-to-one vote required to amend the Constitution. (a) The Legislature may by law authorize the creation of a Hospital District to be co-extensive with the limits of County Commissioners Precinct No. Such rule shall provide the right of discovery of evidence to a Justice, Judge, Master, or Magistrate after formal proceedings are instituted and shall afford to any person holding an office or position specified in Subsection (6) of this Section, against whom a proceeding is instituted to cause his retirement or removal, due process of law for the procedure before the Commission, Masters, review tribunal, and the Supreme Court in the same manner that any person whose property rights are in jeopardy in an adjudicatory proceeding is entitled to due process of law, regardless of whether or not the interest of the person holding an office or position specified in Subsection (6) of this Section in remaining in active status is considered to be a right or a privilege. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. 6: See Appendix, Note 3.). (f) Nov. 6, 2001; Subsec. (e) The office of Constable is abolished in Mills County, Reagan County, and Roberts County. Article 4 of the Texas Constitution creates a plural executive, stating that there are ___ distinct offices in the executive branch. CLERKS OF APPELLATE COURTS. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, []. 3. Sec. Each Court of Appeals shall designate one of its members for inclusion in the list from which the selection is made. The Legislature may confer original jurisdiction on the Supreme Court to issue writs of quo warranto and mandamus in such cases as may be specified, except as against the Governor of the State. 9A. The records of an office of constable declared dormant are transferred to the county clerk of the county. A quorum shall consist of seven (7) members. Regulation as may be extradited on the board of Directors except through revolution, or revocation, except revolution. V. 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