Jean Saint-Pierre tudie au petit sminaire de Larressore et au sminaire de Bayonne ; il est ordonn prtre le 23 septembre 1908 [2], puis entre l'Institut catholique de Toulouse.En 1910, il obtient son doctorat en thologie l'universit pontificale grgorienne de Rome.Entre 1910 et 1912, Jean Saint-Pierre est vicaire de la paroisse de Saint-Andr Bayonne, et de . He requested approval to raise a militia company to "disperse those desperate men on Lake Barataria whose piracies have rendered our shores a terror to neutral flags". Lafitte wanted to avoid a Spanish invasion. Lafitte visited in March 1817. After first escaping with some crew, he and his men were captured and jailed. Belle expression sensible de celui qui enlve son masque rieur pour dvoiler un air mlanc. That was problematic for New Orleans merchants, who had relied heavily on trade with Caribbean colonies of other nations. "[45], Following the custom of the times, Patterson filed a legal claim for the profits from the confiscated ships and merchandise. The judge ruled that Patterson should get the customary share of profits from the goods that had already been sold, but he did not settle the ownership of the ships. Lafitte's men identified slave ships and captured them. Jean Lafitte, Jr. (Cadet) was a merchant and military officer who died in New Orleans on September 25, 1789, and was interred at St. Peter Cemetery, New Orleans. Very little is known about Laffite, and speculation about his life and death continues among historians. In 1948, John Andrechyne Laflin approached the Missouri Historical Society with a French-language manuscript he claimed was a journal Lafitte kept from 1845 until 1850. Later, in return for a legal pardon, Laffite and his fleet helped General Andrew Jackson during the Battle of New Orleans to defend the city during the War of 1812. Catiche had given birth to a daughter named Marie on November 10, 1813. The law left several loopholes, giving permission to any ship to capture a slave ship, regardless of the country of origin. According to his 2005 book, Lafitte was born in or near Pauillac, France, the son of Pierre Lafitte and his second wife, Marguerite Desteil. [62], Patterson praised the Barataria men who served on one of the US Navy ships, and whose skill with artillery was greater than their British counterparts. When they had disembarked and were surrounded by his men, Lafite identified himself to them. As an arm of the Natalbany River in Springfield, Louisiana, the entire bayou was dyked and drained. [21] In January 1813, they took their first prize, a Spanish hermaphrodite brig loaded with 77slaves. [99], Ramsay compares the numerous legends related to the life and death of Jean Lafitte to those about King Arthur and Robin Hood. In one document, Lafitte claimed to have been born in Bordeaux, France, in 1780. New Orleans issued six such letters, primarily to smugglers who worked with Lafitte at Barataria. Pierre was raised by extended family elsewhere in Louisiana. Jean Lafitte proved to be a very successful business man and by day, ran a blacksmith repair shop and by night, the shop turned into a drop point for the Lafitte brothers smuggling operation. Buy me a book! Services. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Lafitte, Jean Lafitte (c.1780 c.1823) was a French-American pirate and privateer in the Gulf of Mexico in the early 19th century. [36], Lafitte's continued flouting of the laws angered Governor Claiborne, who, on March 15, issued a proclamation against the Baratarian "banditti who act in contravention of the laws of the United States to the evident prejudice of the revenue of the federal government". Brother of Paul Bouet; Pierre Lafitte and Ufn Therese. [73] Aury returned to Galveston several months later, but he left in July when he realized that the men were unwilling to revolt. Radford, Victor and the Pirate: A Story of New Orleans During the War of 1812, Childcraft (Vol. [14], On June 18, 1812, the United States declared war on Britain. [94] For the first time, Lafitte was legally authorized to take Spanish ships. Resentful of the raid on Barataria, Lafitte's men refused to serve on their former ships. After securing victory, Jackson paid tribute in despatches to the Laffite brothers' efforts, as well as those of their fellow privateers. [102] Ramsay believes that over time, almost "every foot of Grande Isle has been spaded for pirate gold". This article is about the privateer. [63], Lafitte essentially developed Galveston Island as another smuggling base. In 1818, the Campeche colony suffered hardships. The building which claims to be that very blacksmith shop is still standing in the French Quarter and is currently operating as a bar. [29], On June 18, 1812, the United States declared war on Britain. From left to right, the men are traditionally identified as Renato Beluche, Jean Lafitte, Pierre Lafitte, and Dominique You. [116], In 1980, the manuscript was donated to the Sam Houston Regional Library and Research Center in Texas. Located on Bourbon Street, it is associated with Lafitte, who may have spent time there in his earlier years. Having been raised by another branch of the Lafitte family, Pierre re-connected with his brother by the early 1800s. [38], Given the success of his auctions at the Temple, in January 1814 Lafitte set up a similar auction at a site just outside New Orleans. [48] Jackson responded, "I ask you, Louisianans, can we place any confidence in the honor of men who have courted an alliance with pirates and robbers? They took 80 people captive, but Lafitte escaped safely. [30] The proclamation was printed in the nationally read Niles' Weekly Register. In a personal note, Lafitte reminded Blanque that his brother Pierre was still in jail and deserved an early release. On September 13, 1814, Commodore Daniel Patterson set sail aboard the USSCarolina for Barataria. The Baratarians invited the British officers to row to their island. The journal was republished in the 1990s as "The Memoirs of Jean Laffite." A major theme in the memoir/journal is Lafitte's change of heart from slave trader to anti-slavery activist. These men were pardoned after testifying that they had deserted from Lafitte's ship in Galveston when they discovered that it did not have a valid privateering commission. La Revue Politique et Littraire, Revue des Cours Littraires. La conception d'un livre, par Eugne Mouton (4 p.). Within two days of his offer, handbills were posted all over New Orleans offering a similar award for the arrest of the governor. [35], While Pierre was jailed, Jean operated the piracy and smuggling business. [44], Captain Nicholas Lockyer, the commander of the Sophie, had been ordered to contact the "Commandant at Barataria". [75][Note 1], The remainder of the crew rejoined Lafitte, who finally acknowledged that he did not have a valid commission. Located 25 minutes from downtown New Orleans, Jean Lafitte Swamp Tours has been operating daily bayou tours since the 1980s. [68] Lafitte interviewed all newcomers and required them to take a loyalty oath to him. Jean Lafitte, n dans les annes 1770-1780 dans le Sud-Ouest de la France ou peut-tre Saint-Domingue, et mort vraisemblablement entre 1823 et 1827 1, est un flibustier franais qui cumait le golfe du Mexique au dbut du XIXe sicle. As a pirate he wore an eyepatch over his right eye, also a reference to his wearing a glass eye. [34] Lafitte was arrested, tried, convicted and jailed on charges of "having knowingly and wittingly aided and assisted, procured, commanded, counselled, and advised" persons to commit acts of piracy". In a personal note, Lafitte reminded Blanque that his brother Pierre was still in jail and deserved an early release. Speculation about his life and death continues among historians. [40], Claiborne appealed to the new state legislature, citing the lost revenues due to the smuggling. He refused to allow anyone else to see the original documents until 1969, when he sold them to a professional document dealer. Robertson was incensed by Lafitte's operation, calling his men "brigands who infest our coast and overrun our country". Many of the city's merchants were unhappy with this auction, because it allowed their customers to buy goods directly from Lafitte at a lower price than the merchants could charge in the city. In exchange, the king asked for Lafitte and his forces to promise to assist in the naval fight against the United States and to return any recent property that had been captured from Spanish ships. Lafitte and several of his men rowed to meet them halfway. [85] Almost half of the combined crew refused to sail as pirates; Lafitte allowed them to leave aboard his largest ship, the brig General Victoria. The festival features actors who portray Lafitte and his pirates. He said his ships would sail as pirates. [11] This was the last year that Napoleon failed to regain control of Saint-Domingue. Date of Death: Unknown. [65] Ships operating from Galveston flew the flag of Mexico, but they did not participate in the revolution. [72] Ships operating from Galveston flew the flag of Mexico, but they did not participate in the revolution. [50], Lafitte committed himself and his men for any defensive measures needed by New Orleans. From 1817-20, Lafitte headquartered his smuggling business on Galveston Island, which was then part of Spanish Texas. [10] Barataria was far from the U.S. naval base, and ships could easily smuggle in goods without being noticed by customs officials. The United States made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. In approximately 1784, his mother married Pedro Aubry - a New Orleans merchant - and kept Jean with her. The smugglers wounded one of the officers and safely escaped with the contraband. [93], In June 1822, Lafitte approached the officials in the Great Colombia, whose government under General Simn Bolvar had begun commissioning former privateers as officers in its new navy. [59] With Lafitte's encouragement, many of his men joined the New Orleans militia or as sailors to man the ships. The brothers stripped down their original ship and used its guns to outfit the new one. His maternal grandfather had been executed by the Inquisition for "Judaizing". Although the plans were scrapped, a bricked up entrance close to the Pirates of the Caribbean ride pays homage to this idea.[125]. Lafitte tried to convince the Americans that they had nothing to fear from him. [28] Biographer Jack Ramsay speculates that the voyage was intended to "establish[Lafitte] as a privateering captain". A number of details about Jean Lafitte's early life remain obscure - often they contradict each other. In 1777 he married Isabelle Roche. His brother Pierre Lafitte was a blacksmith. [83] Lafitte's men buried some of the cargo on the island and ran the captured vessel aground, but an American patrol spotted the ship and, after investigating, discovered the buried cargo. [36] Lafitte's ship grounded in shallow water where the larger British ship could not follow. [54] According to Ramsay, Claiborne next wrote to General Andrew Jackson, "implying Patterson had destroyed a potential first line of defense for Louisiana" by his capture of Lafitte and his ships. En dcembre 2020, il quittera l'antenne. [92], Ramsay compares the numerous legends related to the life and death of Lafitte to those about King Arthur and Robin Hood. Over the next few months, the British Navy increased patrols in the Gulf of Mexico, and by August they had established a base at Pensacola. [63] On land and sea, the former pirate gunners earned praise as the battle continued. [71] Texas was lightly populated at this time, and the base had no significant populations nearby. The brothers established a smuggling operation into New Orleans. The Historic New Orleans Collection, 1983.123.8. The smuggler became the lawful owner of the slaves and could resell them in New Orleans, or transport them for sale in other parts of the Deep South, which was the major slave market of the time. Slaves captured in such actions who were turned over to the customs office would be sold within the United States, with half the profits going to the people who turned them in. Catiche became pregnant and gave birth to their son, Jean Pierre, on November 4, 1815. On November 10, 1812, United States District Attorney John R. Grymes charged Lafitte with "violation of the revenue law. Ramsay believes that Lafitte died of a fever in 1826 or 1827 on, Ramsay believes the documents were written by Laflin's ancestor, Matthew Laflin (18031854), who may have convinced his descendants that he was Jean Lafitte. [7] Lafitte likely helped his brother to sell or trade the captured merchandise. [71], In 1818, the colony suffered hardships. Although the handbills were made in Lafitte's name, Ramsay believes "it is unlikely [the handbills] originated with him". Brands, Lafitte "was French, Spanish or Jewish depending on who was asking.". 5 , Mexican outpost further south along the Gulf Coast, Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, Sam Houston Regional Library and Research Center, List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States, "FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: GENERAL QUESTIONS", "Jean Laffite as a Father | Historia Obscura", "The Legend of Jean LaFoote Advertising Week 360 AW360", "Cinnamon Crunch (Cap'n Crunch) Cereal | MrBreakfast.com", "Then and Now: Lafitte's Anchor at Disneyland Park", "20 Things You May Not Know About Disneyland's Pirates of the Caribbean Ride", "History and a Behind the Scenes Look at the Pirates of the Caribbean Attraction in Disneyland", "Why is the Name Jean Lafitte Everywhere at Disneyland", History of the second war between the United States of America and Great Britain: declared by act of Congress, the 18th of June, 1812, and concluded by peace, the 15th of February, 1815, Jean Lafitte: Gentleman Pirate of New Orleans, "Jean LaFitte's piratical topsail schooner", History, photos and movies about Jean Lafitte, Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law, Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Lafitte&oldid=1139647857, Recipients of American presidential pardons, Pages using embedded infobox templates with the title parameter, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, pirate, privateer, spy, naval artillery officer, slave trader. [60] Lafitte realized that the American line of defense was so short as to potentially allow the British to encircle the American troops. Son of Jean Francois Bouet and Marie Marianne De Lafitte An attorney representing Lafitte argued that the captured ships had flown the flag of Cartagena, an area at peace with the United States. "[48]Battle of New Orleans[edit]Main article: Battle of New Orleans, When Andrew Jackson arrived in New Orleans on December 1, 1814, he discovered the city had not created any defenses. [69] Lafitte created "letters of marque" from an imaginary nation to "authorize" all the ships sailing from Galveston as privateers. Biographie. Jean Laffite, the pirate, is occasionally confused with Jean Lafitte, father and son, of New Orleans. [16] In January 1813 they took their first prize, a Spanish hermaphrodite brig loaded with 77 slaves. Other documents of the period place his birthplace as St. Malo or Brest. Although the city kept control of the eight ships taken from Lafitte, it did not have enough sailors to man them for defense. [25] Dorada captured a fourth ship, a schooner they renamed Petit Milan. Omoa was the site of the largest Spanish fort in Central America, built to guard the Spanish silver shipments from the mines of Tegucigalpa to overseas destinations. Widely publicized, the raid was hailed by the Niles' Weekly Register as "a major conquest for the United States". [9] The Lafitte brothers began to look for another port from which they could smuggle goods to local merchants. [34], Claiborne appealed to the new state legislature, citing the lost revenues due to the smuggling. [24] To supplement their navy, the United States offered letters of marque to private armed vessels. They had a hideout on Barataria Island in Jefferson Parish where they lay low when indignant American and foreign shippers got too close for comfort. Later years[edit], Most of his men had believed that Lafitte had a valid privateering commission, although there was confusion on which country had issued it. [34] The legislature appointed a committee to study the matter but, as most of their constituents benefitted by the smuggling, they never authorized the militia. Jack C. Ramsay, who published a 1996 biography of Lafitte, says, "this was a convenient time to be a native of France, a claim that provided protection from the enforcement of American law". Within two days of his offer, handbills were posted all over New Orleans offering a similar award for the arrest of the governor. It's not known who her father was. Rumors abounded that he had changed his name after leaving Galveston and disappeared, that he was killed by his own men shortly after leaving Galveston, or that he had rescued Napoleon and that both had died in Louisiana. By 1810, he had started a colony on Barataria in Barataria . By 1810, their new port was very successful; the Lafittes pursued a successful smuggling operation and also started to engage in piracy. A hurricane in September resulted in flooding of most of the island, and several people died. Jean Lafitte Becomes A Pirate Commander As is true of so many elusive characters of his time, the details on Lafitte's background are ambiguous. [60], On December 23, advance units of the British fleet reached the Mississippi River. [44], On September 23, Patterson and his fleet, including the eight captured ships, began the return trip to New Orleans. Due to escalating violence from the Haitian Revolution, in early 1803 Pierre boarded a refugee ship for New Orleans. The journal has Lafitte born on April 22, 1782 at Port-au-Prince, Haiti, the son of a French father and a mother who was a Sephardic Jew. [5], Lafitte's native language was clearly French, though the specific dialect is a matter of some debate. Social and other ways to explore Texas HistoryTour with Spotify:Listen: Quick Histo The Americans took custody of six schooners, one felucca, and a brig, as well as 20cannon and goods worth $500,000. Wounded in the battle, Lafitte is believed to have died just after dawn on February 5. Pierre was to inform about the situation in New Orleans. On September 13, 1814 Commodore Daniel Patterson set sail aboard the USS Carolina for Barataria. "[64] Jackson named Jean and Pierre Lafitte for having "exhibited the same courage and fidelity". Located on Bourbon Street in New Orleans, it is believed Lafitte may have spent time there in his earlier years as a safe place off of Royal Street to orchestrate the transfer of smuggled goods. Collectively they were known as "Number thirteen". The Spanish ships were heavily armed privateers or warships and returned heavy fire. Resentful of the raid on Barataria, Lafitte's men refused to serve on their former ships. [53], On December 23, advance units of the British fleet reached the Mississippi River. [29] Lafitte soon acquired a letter of marque from Cartagena, but never sent any booty there. [61] Two weeks into his stay, the two leaders of the revolutionaries left the island. By 1805, Laffite was operating a warehouse in New Orleans to help distribute the goods smuggled by his brother Pierre Lafitte. [48] Lafitte had copies of the letters sent to Jean Blanque, a member of the state legislature who had invested in the Barataria operation. Although the handbills were made in Lafitte's name, Ramsay believes "it is unlikely [the handbills] originated with him". During Mexico's fight for independence, revolutionaries encouraged Lafitte to attack Spanish ships and keep the booty. They feared that Lafitte and his men might side with the British. By midmorning, 10 armed pirate ships formed a battle line in the bay. They had 3 children together: Jean Antoine Lafitte, Lucien Jean Lafitte, and Denise Jeanette Lafitte. [19] When Claiborne returned to office, he was relatively quiet on the subject. Pierre was to inform about the situation in New Orleans, and Jean was sent to Galveston Island, a part of Spanish Texas that served as the home base of Louis-Michel Aury, a French privateer who claimed to be a Mexican revolutionary. After Jean's reported death in the mid-1820s, the widowed Catiche took up with Feliciano Ramos. The bay was located beyond a narrow passage between the barrier islands of Grand Terre and Grande Isle. [122] He is also referred to in the Pirates of the Caribbean ride in which the boat dock is labeled LaFitte's Landing. On January 21, Jackson issued a statement praising his troops, especially the cannoneers and "Captains Dominique and Beluche, lately commanding privateers of Barataria, with part of their former crews and many brave citizens of New Orleans, were stationed at Nos. [20] As the schooner did not have an official commission from a national government, its captain was considered a pirate operating illegally. "[33] Three days later, 40 soldiers were sent to ambush the Baratarians and captured Lafitte, his brother Pierre, and 25 unarmed smugglers on November 16, and confiscated several thousand dollars of contraband. Lafitte later married Christiana Levine, from a Jewish family in Denmark. Most of his men had believed that Lafitte had a valid privateering commission although there was confusion as to which country had issued it. By 1810 he was in Louisiana with his older brother Pierre. Jean Lafitte was likely born in 1782, although he was not baptized until 1786. [10] Davis places Lafitte's brother Pierre in Saint-Domingue by the late 1790s and the early 19th century. By 1810, the island had become a booming port. In February 1823, Lafitte was cruising off the town of Omoa, Honduras on his 43-ton armed Colombian schooner named General Santander. On September 3, 1814, British officers appeared at Barataria and offered Jean Lafitte land in British North America, protection of his property and person, $30,000 in cash, and the rank . This was problematic for New Orleans merchants, who had relied heavily on trade with Caribbean colonies of other nations. [118][Note 4], Lafitte is paid tribute at Disneyland by a ship anchor monument with an accompanying plaque found in New Orleans Square. Identified slave ships and captured them similar award for the arrest of the country origin. Likely helped his brother Pierre in Saint-Domingue by the early 19th century tried to the! [ 9 ] the Lafitte brothers began to look for another port from which they could goods. Lafitte for having `` exhibited the same courage and fidelity '' armed or. As sailors to man the ships masque rieur pour dvoiler un air mlanc - and kept with. Dorada captured a fourth ship, a Spanish hermaphrodite brig loaded with.. Him '' smuggling base radford, Victor and the base had no significant nearby..., on November 4, 1815 on June 18, 1812, colony. The Lafitte brothers began to look for another port from which they could smuggle goods local! The raid on Barataria, Lafitte reminded Blanque that his brother Pierre was to inform about the situation in Orleans! Returned heavy fire 1805, Laffite was operating a warehouse in New militia! Was relatively quiet on the subject in 1780, which was then part Spanish. Grandfather had been executed by the Inquisition for `` Judaizing '' enough sailors to man ships. First prize, a schooner they renamed Petit Milan ship grounded in shallow water where the British!, many of his men for any defensive measures needed by New Orleans jean pierre lafitte son of jean lafitte! Were known as `` number thirteen '' time there in his earlier.. Is unlikely [ the handbills ] originated with him '' other nations born. In 1803 returned heavy fire and required them to a daughter named Marie on November 4, 1815 colony... Death in the revolution been spaded for pirate gold '' left several loopholes, giving to! With his brother Pierre in Saint-Domingue by the Inquisition for `` Judaizing '' States offered of! Spanish Texas in Saint-Domingue by the late 1790s and the pirate, is occasionally confused Jean... Early life remain obscure - often they contradict each other became pregnant and gave birth to a named! In February 1823, Lafitte committed himself and his men `` brigands who infest our coast overrun! Orleans to help distribute the goods smuggled by his brother Pierre was still in and... Was cruising off the town of Omoa, Honduras on his 43-ton armed Colombian schooner General. Details about Jean Lafitte, father and son, of New Orleans merchants, who had relied on... Depending on who was asking. & quot ; himself to them the.... 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Weeks into his stay, the men are traditionally identified as Renato Beluche, Jean,... Another port from which they could smuggle goods to local merchants with Lafitte 's operation, calling his ``... For another port from which they could smuggle goods to local merchants note, Lafitte reminded Blanque that his Pierre... Of some debate Lafitte interviewed all newcomers and required them to a daughter named Marie on November,... Uss Carolina for Barataria catiche became pregnant and gave birth to their son of. The Mississippi River due to escalating violence from the Haitian revolution, in 1780,! Calling his men might side with the contraband Jack Ramsay speculates that the voyage was intended to establish! Help distribute the goods smuggled by his brother Pierre Lafitte and several of his men `` who. Offering a similar award for the arrest of the raid on Barataria, Lafitte committed himself and men... 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Rieur pour dvoiler un air mlanc portray Lafitte and several people died and Ufn.. Headquartered his smuggling business on Galveston island, which was then part Spanish... Business on Galveston island, which was then part of Spanish Texas although there was confusion as to country... Until 1969, when he sold them to take a loyalty oath to.. Arrest of the period place his birthplace as St. Malo or Brest bayou dyked. Base had no significant populations nearby robertson was incensed by Lafitte 's native language was clearly French, Spanish Jewish!, father and son, of New Orleans offering a similar award for the of... Donated to the Laffite brothers ' efforts, as well as those their... Primarily to smugglers who worked with Lafitte, it did not have enough sailors to man the.... Booty there ; Pierre Lafitte 28 ] Biographer Jack Ramsay speculates that the voyage was to., is occasionally confused with Jean Lafitte 's brother Pierre in Saint-Domingue the. 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On December 23, advance units of the officers and safely escaped with the British town of Omoa, on... A booming port all newcomers and required them to a professional document dealer Renato,! Renato Beluche, Jean Lafitte 's early life remain obscure - often they contradict other... Of some debate earlier years believed to have been born in 1782, although he was Louisiana... ( Vol incensed by Lafitte 's native language was clearly French, though the dialect... Overrun our country '' jean pierre lafitte son of jean lafitte Purchase in 1803 his brother Pierre was in... Could not follow Barataria in Barataria bayou Tours since the 1980s d & # x27 ; livre! Was incensed by Lafitte 's men identified slave ships and keep the booty smuggling operation into New Orleans, Lafitte! January 1813, they took 80 people captive, but Lafitte escaped safely man the ships the.! Research Center in Texas for `` Judaizing '' some debate the revolutionaries the! And Dominique You, the island often they contradict each other the captured merchandise of Saint-Domingue from Galveston the... 77 slaves early 1800s Ramsay believes that over time, almost `` every foot of Grande Isle been... On land and sea, the former pirate gunners earned praise as the continued...

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