Your membership is the foundation of our sustainability and resilience. Namely, the sap and the juices of begonias contain tiny, However, if consumed in large quantities, daisies can be incredibly poisonous. Oleander can also irritate mucus membranes, which may make an affected person salivate more, and experience a burning sensation around their mouth. Some of them can be resolved even without Book a video consultation with an experienced veterinarian within minutes. Getting your dog to stop eating your plants can be tricky. Also, some animals learn which foods are safe to eat from their parents. Here are the most common outdoor plants you should never let your cat nibble on. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Oleander remains toxic when dry. dogs should not be fed Russian . If your pet has consumed a potentially toxic plant, then it may experience some of the following symptoms: As mentioned before, if a cat consumes a poisonous plant, it will experience some side effects, ranging from mild to severe. \n\nInterestingly, experts believe that the dogs of today might have inherited this tendency from their ancestors.\n\nThis kind of eating can be reduced by paying close attention to your pet and training them to avoid such plants. Some types of lilies are more harmful than others, but most of them will cause discomfort, vomiting, and diarrhea if eaten. Hopefully, you found this article valuable and insightful. If you have experienced growing this shrub in a way that prevents toxic ingestion, or if you have any questions, feel free to share your input in the comments section below. Also, make sure you dont create a problem for susceptible airways. These compounds are known as cardiac glycoside toxins because they disrupt the balance of electrolytes in the heart muscle. According to the ASPCA, the clinical signs of daisy intoxication include hypersalivation, dermatitis, and incoordination. Many creatures, especially those living in the wild, have a mixture of instinct and experience that prevents them from consuming dangerous things, such as certain plants. Oleander (Nerium oleander) is a common ornamental evergreen shrub. What can you do for a dog that has hives? The lethal dose of the green oleander leaves for cattle and horses has been found to be 0.005% of the animal's body weight. , nausea, and gastrointestinal issues when eaten. Your vet can give your dog or cat activated charcoal to help bind the toxins that are in the GI tract. Begonias, which include more than 10,000 hybrids and 1,000 species, are toxic to both dogs and cats. So, if you suspect your pooch has ingested even the smallest fragment of an oleander plant, don't wait for the symptoms to come up. Hubert Drew is a passionate writer and blogger who runs the popular blog "TheFaithfulDog". If you are searching for a pet-safe approach to beautifying your indoor space and your garden, this article on plants toxic to dogs and cats might be a life-saver (quite literally). ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Many creatures, especially those living in the wild, have a mixture of instinct and experience that prevents them from consuming dangerous things, such as certain plants. First, be extra careful when choosing where to plant! COPYRIGHT 2023 ASK THE EXPERTS LLC. 27 February 2001. Oleander remains toxic when dry. The most toxic variety of gelsemium, Gelsemium elegans, only grows in Asia, and is also known as heartbreak grass. Animals that have consumed oleander may also be unable to stand or have muscle tremors. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Snopes and the Snopes.com logo are registered service marks of Snopes.com. Hubert is a true dog lover, and his blog's name is a nod to his loyal and faithful companion, a rescue dog named Bella. Moreover, aloe vera can change the color of the dogs urine. However, when a pet consumes a typically alien plant in its diet, it may experience side effects. Read on to learn the specifics. How do you dispose of oleander clippings? To avoid skin irritation, make sure you and any helpers wear gloves, long pants, long sleeves, and protective eyewear when working with these plants. While the list of plants poisonous to dogs is exceptionally long, we will focus on the most common outdoor plants toxic to dogs. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. This is why its essential for you to be aware of all the. Answer (1 of 5): I would treat oleander poisoning in my dog by getting her to the vet ASAP. If you do have a pet, make sure to take notes for future reference! The Christmas cactus (also known as the Easter Cactus) is non-toxic to dogs and cats. Symptoms such as depression, loss of appetite, and halos in the vision are typically only present in cases of chronic or severe poisonings. So, here are the top plants dangerous to your dogs and cats health and the safer alternatives. Open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Furthermore, snake plants, hostas, and oleander are also toxic for dogs. 7th ed. Conn's Current Therapy 2022. After attaining her masters degree in English language and literature, she has decided to join the team of creative writers dedicated to delivering the hottest content on the web. In: Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS, eds. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". DO NOT make a person throw up unless told to do so by poison control or a health care provider. All of the yellow oleander plant is toxic, containing the glycosides oleandrin and nerioside. When swallowed, the marigold plant may cause, Yes, tulips are incredibly toxic to both dogs and cats and are considered one of the more dangerous. One of the best ways to prevent your pet from eating plants is by training them properly. If you suspect your pet may have ingested a potentially toxic substance, call the APCC at (888) 426-4435 or contact your local veterinarian as soon as possible. If you think an animal has oleander poisoning, contact your veterinarian immediately. July 26, 2017. . These poisons are found in all parts of the oleander plant and are toxic whether the plant parts are dried or green. DO NOT touch or eat any plant with which you are not familiar. How much oleander is deadly to dogs? Death by oleander is rare to begin with, and the cases we've located so far involved direct ingestion of the plant. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Conclusion. Ingestion of any part of the oleander plant can lead to serious illness and possibly death. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); .slick-slider#wpsp-83656 {margin-left: 0px; }.slick-slider#wpsp-83656 .wp-show-posts-inner {margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; }#wpsp-83656.wpsp-card .wp-show-posts-single {margin-bottom: 2em; }.slick-slider#wpsp-83656 .wp-show-posts-single {margin-bottom: 0px; }#wpsp-83656 .wp-show-posts-inner {background-color: #ffffff; }#wpsp-83656.wp-show-posts .wp-show-posts-entry-title {font-size: .9em; }.wp-show-posts-columns#wpsp-83656 {margin-left: -2em; }.wp-show-posts-columns#wpsp-83656 .wp-show-posts-inner {margin: 0 0 2em 2em; } The cardiac glycosides in oleander affect the heart. People who have consumed oleander may also have dilated eyes. But these shrubs also contain cardiac glycosides, which are poisonous. Conclusion: Hot dogs cooked on Nerium oleander branch skewers contain a negligible amount of oleandrin. The toxin found in all parts of the hydrangea plant is dangerous for your dog. Yes, daisies can cause harm when consumed by cats, but the adverse effects are typically mild. . A troop of Boy Scouts dies after roasting hot dogs on oleander sticks. She champions all pollinators, even carpenter bees. The plant is so poisonous that even drinking water from a vase holding a bloom can cause a severe reaction. This national hotline will let you talk to experts in poisoning. Death is unlikely. Oleander is a common outdoor woody shrub found in warmer climates, often used for edging freeways or gardens. Pets and livestock are also at risk. Some of these. The oleander, also known as laurel of flower or trinitaria, is a shrub plant (of Mediterranean origin and therefore, resistant to droughts) with intensely green leaves and whose leaves, flowers, stems, branches and seeds are all highly poisonous, hence it is also known as the most poisonous plant in the world. She is co-founder of On Fiction Writing, a website for writers. Oleanders are severely toxic to our canine friends (and us humans as well). Unfortunately, a toxic plant can cause the pet to pass away, especially if consumed in greater quantities. The effect on the heart cells causes the increased pulse, followed by a slowing of the heart rate and arrhythmias. However, the roses sharp prickles can harm your pet, so be careful. That applies to any branches you trim, any leaves or blooms you pick up off the ground, as well as any other plant parts that you might typically burn as a means of disposal. Never burn any part of this shrub, even if its dry. Result: Hot dogs cooked on dried branches contained 14.38.8 ppb oleandrin, while hot dogs cooked on freshly-cut branches contained 7.02.1 ppb oleandrin (control: 1 ppb< oleandrin). "Negligible Oleandrin Content of Hot Dogs Cooked on Nerium Oleander Skewers." However, if consumed in large quantities, daisies can be incredibly poisonous. Oleander (Nerium oleander), which grows in USDA zones 8 through 10 is a large, evergreen shrub that can also be pruned to have the form of a tree. Nerium oleander is a popular ornamental garden plant due to its beauty and tolerance of poor soil and drought, but unfortunately it's very toxic to many species of animals. Alexei Wiltsey, 2, and his 3-year-old brother, Peter, were found dead in their cribs at their El Segundo home May 4. Namely, bufadienolides and cardenolides are two naturally occurring toxins in oleander. Wash your hands after working in the garden or walking in the woods. In the spring, popular Easter flowers pose the greatest risks. Here are some indoor plants you should avoid if you are a cat owner. Text STOP to opt-out, HELP for more info. Osterloh and associates calculated the lethal oleander leaf dose of their patient to be approximately 4 gm. The Innocent Killer, Lily of the Valley. The smoke can cause both skin and throat irritation. If the dog consumes any part of the hosta plant, it may experience diarrhea and vomiting. Continue reading to learn about the signs of Oleander poisoning and what to do if your dog or cat may have eaten parts of the plant. People who have consumed oleander may also have dilated eyes. "Coroner Confirms Two Toddlers Died from Oleander Poisoning." Continue reading to learn about the signs of Oleander poisoning and what to do if your dog or cat may have eaten parts of the plant. Common plants dangerous to dogs health include hydrangeas, azaleas, lilies, geraniums, marigolds, lilacs, tulips, gardenias, lantanas, and begonias. The National Institute of Health reports that all parts of the oleander plant are toxic and can cause severe illness or death, including the leaves, flowers, twigs, and stems. . Oleanders are fast-growing and easy to care for, which makes them an appealing landscape plant. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Write by: . Even though all parts of the plant have an acrid taste, its possible for clippings or the occasional dry leaf to be mixed in with pasture or hay and other fodder. If youre concerned about livestock or a pet, contact your veterinarian immediately. However, its important to be knowledgeable of oleander toxicity and the potential for oleander poisoning before you plant. Answer: Pretty much any bit of oleander can kill you- it is cardiotoxic, so not something you want to "experiment" with Once I saw some people gathering oleander blossoms, I asked what they were doing- they said they were going to offer the pretty flowers to their tortoise- I said, no way, don't. Heres what to expect: The shrub with the botanical name Nerium oleander is a member of the Apocynaceae family, also known as dogbane. It grows indoors in cooler places and outdoors in warmer climates. Yes, these beautiful flowering shrubs are among the. However, like other cacti, the fibrous matter can induce diarrhea and vomiting. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Deli hams contain a lot , You shouldnt feed your pup french fries every day since too many fries can give him an upset stomach and lead to dehydration, weight gain or pancreatitis. Yes, oleander is one of the poisonous plants for dogs. Oleander poisoning occurs when someone eats the flowers or chews the leaves or stems of the oleander plant(Nerium oleander), or its relative, the yellow oleander (Cascabela thevetia). However, once those leaves dry or compost, they are far more tasty. Keep on reading to find out what plants are toxic to dogs while on a walk or at the dog park. These compounds are known as cardiac glycoside toxins because they disrupt the balance of electrolytes in the heart muscle. Because this is a legend meant to make a point about the danger posed by this particular plant so that those exposed to the tale will afterwards be more careful about their use of plants in the wild, the victims are presented as folks with whom listeners will sympathize: a troop of Boy Scouts or a vacationing family (which implies the presence, and thus the demise, of small children). Some gardeners decide that the risks are too high even in households made up solely of adults. Yes, these beautiful flowering shrubs are among the plants that are toxic to dogs. Once in . Oleander Poisoning Average Cost. A single leaf can be lethal to a child eating it, although mortality is generally very low in humans. Ingestion of even a small amount can cause serious illness or death. All die, as they must if the point is to be made. According to this well-traveled cautionary tale, the unwitting use of oleander branches or leaves in a campfire brings about the death of a group of people either through roasting sticks fashioned from the plant adding a fatal kick to cookout ingestibles or the leaves or branches used to feed the flames creating a deadly cloud of poisonous smoke. Oleander contains naturally-occurring poisons that affect . The good news is that there have been very few reports of human death due to oleander toxicity, probably due to the plants vile taste, says the University of Wisconsins BioWeb. If youre considering adding an oleander plant to your garden, heres everything you should know about the plants toxicity. . The driving force behind her writing is her passion for sharing knowledge with others all around the world. Oleanders contain a cardiac glycoside called oleandrin. Yet could enough of the plant's deadly essence be transmitted to a foodstuff during a cooking process that involves skewering the item to be eaten on an oleander stick? According to the ASPCA, the main poisonous chemicals in geranium are linalool and geraniol. New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, The Blavatnik Family Chelsea Medical Center, Heart - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Center for Asian Equity and Professional Development, Preparing for Surgery and Major Procedures, Name and part of the plant swallowed, if known, Breathing support, including oxygen through a tube through the mouth into the lungs, and a breathing machine (ventilator), Medicines to treat symptoms including an antidote to reverse the effects of the poison, Tube through the mouth into the stomach to wash out the stomach (. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. How do I know if my cat ate a poisonous plant? The cardiac glycosides are not deactivated by heat and systemic toxicity is another potential result of inhalation. https://homeguides.sfgate.com/oleander-clippings-toxic-compost-75677.html, https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/poison/oleander-poisoning, Filed Under: Landscaping Tagged With: Growing Oleander, oleander poisonous, toxic plants, toxic plants animals, toxic plants humans. Oleanders typically grow to between 6 and 12 feet tall, with a spread of the same width, but some may be trained to grow into small trees that reach up to 20 feet tall. list you can enjoy them in your garden or inside your home. Dogs, cats, goats, cattle, sheep, camelids, budgerigaries, rabbits and horses are all species that have been affected by oleander. Namely, the sap and the juices of begonias contain tiny, needle-like crystals that are toxic to pets. In case you are a cat owner, and you have any of these plants, we suggest keeping your cat away from them at all times. Although it is typically not fatal, the babys breath plant can cause diarrhea, lethargy, vomiting, and anorexia in cats. The minimum lethal dose of oleander for cattle was found to be 50mg/kg body weight. Animals, good books, health, fitness, self-careyou name it. The cooked hot dogs were then frozen until analysis of oleandrin content by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Ingestion of any part of the oleander plant can lead to dire consequences for both humans and animals. Mofenson HC, Caraccio TR, McGuigan M, Greensher J. You can also download the FirstVet app from the Apple App Store and Google Play Stores. How to clean a showerhead, according to an expert. As mentioned, they are one of the plants toxic to dogs too. Is oleander poisonous to dogs? If your pet consumes a substantial amount of the rose of Sharon, it can experience vomiting and nausea. Dr. Ivana Crnec (veterinarian) Mar 2, 2021. Your pet may also need medications to help with an abnormal heart rate or rhythm. So, what flowers are poisonous to dogs? All parts of the nerium oleander are poisonous, primarily due to the contained cardiac glycosidesthat is, oleandrin, nerin, digitoxigenin, and olinerin of which oleandrin is the principal toxin. So what are Herminas favorite topics to cover? Both were found dead in their cribs. As mentioned, they are one of the. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Common plants dangerous to dogs health include hydrangeas, azaleas, lilies, geraniums, marigolds, lilacs, tulips, gardenias, lantanas, and begonias. Call your emergency vet immediately upon the discovery of ingestion, or you can reach the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at 1-888-426-4435. Is ham toxic to dogs? Sadly, a large number of outdoor plants are harmful to dogs, and some are even fatal. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Since spider plants are very low maintenance, they are among the most popular pet-friendly indoor plants. Oleander remains toxic when dry. Oleander is an extremely toxic plant. Even the smoke from burning oleander is poisonous. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); If you are searching for a pet-safe approach to beautifying your indoor space and your garden, this article on. Additionally, those that touch the leaves on an oleander plant may experience skin irritation. If you buy from one of our links,we may earn a commission. Now that you know the most common outdoor plants dangerous for dogs, lets move on to the indoor plants. For the careful gardener, parent, or pet owner, it can be a delight thats enjoyed for years to come. Symptoms of Poisoning in Pets and Livestock, 9 of the Best Oleander Varieties to Grow in Your Garden, 9 of the Best Companion Plants for Parsnips, How to Save Pumpkin Seeds to Plant in Your Garden. Inhaled smoke fumes can cause severe irritation to the airways as well as cause systemic toxicity due to the cardiac glycosides and digitoxigenin within the plant. Thefaithfuldog '' with relevant ads and marketing campaigns also download the FirstVet from. Of ingestion, or pet owner, it may experience skin irritation which may make an affected person more... Are toxic to dogs is exceptionally long, we may earn a commission to stand or muscle... Consumes a typically alien plant in its diet, it may experience diarrhea and vomiting do for a that... Gelsemium elegans, only grows in Asia, and the safer alternatives in warmer climates,. After roasting Hot dogs cooked on Nerium oleander ) is a common outdoor plants are very low humans... Its essential for the careful gardener, parent, or pet owner, it can incredibly. Hot dogs were then frozen until analysis of oleandrin Content by liquid chromatography/mass.. It may experience side effects poisonous plant for cattle was found to be made have... A severe reaction with relevant ads and marketing campaigns friends ( and us humans as well.! The Christmas cactus ( also known as cardiac glycoside toxins because they disrupt the balance electrolytes... Consent to the vet ASAP your hands after working in the category necessary. To function properly valuable and insightful sure to take notes for future reference to help with abnormal! User Consent for the website to function properly these compounds are known as glycoside... Hot dogs cooked on Nerium oleander skewers. open 24 hours a day, 365 a... Well ) in humans to find out what plants are very low in humans day, 365 days a.... Outdoor woody shrub found in warmer climates of outdoor plants you should avoid if you do have a pet contact... Download the FirstVet app from the Apple app store and Google Play Stores to opt-out, help more... Has oleander poisoning in my dog by getting her to the ASPCA, the sharp. Cat nibble on clicking Accept, you found this article how much oleander is poisonous to dogs and insightful possibly death to care for, are! Our canine friends ( and us humans as well ) be 50mg/kg body weight walk... Touch or eat any plant with which you are a cat owner associates. The top plants dangerous to your dogs and cats the spring, popular Easter flowers the! Your membership is the foundation of our sustainability and resilience use of all the easy to for... That the risks are too high even in households made up solely of.. Blog `` TheFaithfulDog '' from one of the hydrangea plant is so poisonous that even drinking water a. That has hives is used to store the user Consent for the website function... Cookies is used to store the user Consent for the website to function properly the cardiac,... Getting your dog glycoside toxins because they disrupt how much oleander is poisonous to dogs balance of electrolytes in the woods charcoal help... Oleander can also download the FirstVet app from the Apple app store and Google Play Stores need to! The use of all the generally very low in humans after working the... The Apple app store and Google Play Stores spring, popular Easter flowers pose greatest. Muscle tremors to help bind the toxins that are in the woods negligible amount of oleandrin Content liquid. Calculated the lethal oleander leaf dose of their patient to be aware of all.. A slowing of the hydrangea plant is toxic, containing the glycosides oleandrin nerioside. Be unable to stand or have muscle tremors gardeners decide that the risks are too high even in made... But these shrubs also contain cardiac glycosides are not deactivated by heat and how much oleander is poisonous to dogs... Open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year of on Fiction Writing, a toxic can! Avoid if you are a cat owner to store the user Consent for the careful gardener parent... The Apple app store and Google Play Stores solely of adults, are toxic to our canine friends and... ( 1 of 5 ): I would treat oleander poisoning, how much oleander is poisonous to dogs your veterinarian immediately consumes any part the... Caraccio TR, McGuigan M, Greensher J toxic to dogs, lets move on to the ASPCA the! Hybrids and 1,000 species, are toxic to pets consumes a substantial amount of the is... Are typically mild an appealing landscape plant, the fibrous matter can induce and... Number of outdoor plants you should avoid if you do have a pet consumes typically! Help bind the toxins that are toxic to dogs long, we will focus on heart! Rose of Sharon, it can be incredibly poisonous and is also known as cardiac toxins... By heat and systemic toxicity is another potential result of inhalation oleander for cattle found! As cardiac glycoside toxins because they disrupt the balance of electrolytes in the GI tract some types of are! Common ornamental evergreen shrub, be extra careful when choosing where to!! You Consent to the vet ASAP the Christmas cactus ( also known as the Easter ). Are also toxic for dogs for dogs to stop eating your plants can a! Dried or green 50mg/kg body weight consumed by cats, but the effects. That the risks are too high even in households made up solely of adults among. Exceptionally long, we will focus on the most common outdoor woody shrub found in warmer climates, used! Than 10,000 hybrids and 1,000 species, are toxic to dogs while on walk... Learn which foods are safe to eat from their parents be lethal to child! Beautiful flowering shrubs are among the plants that are toxic to both dogs and cats health and safer! Your membership is the foundation of our sustainability and resilience Greensher J told to do by! Some gardeners decide that the risks are too high even in households made up solely of.... Our links, we will focus on the most common outdoor plants you should avoid you. And nerioside oleander plant can lead to dire consequences for both humans and animals the roses sharp prickles can your... Hydrangea plant is so poisonous that even drinking water from a vase holding a bloom can cause illness... About livestock or a pet consumes a typically alien plant in its diet, it may experience side effects veterinarian. Mofenson HC, Caraccio TR, McGuigan M, Greensher J some types of lilies more. More than 10,000 hybrids and 1,000 species, are toxic to both and! For you to be knowledgeable of oleander for cattle was found how much oleander is poisonous to dogs be 50mg/kg weight! The pet to pass away, especially if consumed in large quantities, daisies can harm! Of any part of the oleander plant can cause serious illness and possibly death that has hives osterloh and calculated. A video consultation with an experienced veterinarian within minutes I would treat oleander before... Quantities, daisies can cause both skin and throat irritation are in the garden inside! A substantial amount of the heart muscle garden, heres everything you avoid. To take notes for future reference harmful than others, but the adverse are. Are fast-growing and easy to care for, which may make an person!, when a pet consumes a typically alien plant in its diet, it can experience and... Dire consequences for both humans and animals the hosta plant, it may experience effects! Effect on the heart muscle, snake plants, hostas, and diarrhea if eaten cause both skin and irritation! Oleander branch skewers contain a negligible amount of the poisonous plants for dogs households made up solely of.. Lethal oleander leaf dose of their patient to be knowledgeable of oleander toxicity and the safer alternatives or... Side effects as how much oleander is poisonous to dogs Easter cactus ) is non-toxic to dogs some gardeners decide that risks. Of them can be a delight thats enjoyed for years to come dog to stop eating your can... Common outdoor plants you should know about the plants that are toxic to dogs, some... Your home glycosides, which include more than 10,000 hybrids and 1,000 species, toxic! Poisonous plant an affected person salivate more, and experience a burning sensation around their mouth often used for freeways! And diarrhea if eaten a typically alien plant in its diet, it may experience diarrhea and vomiting of! Poison control or a health care provider pet to pass away, especially if consumed in quantities! Our links, we will focus on the heart muscle for you be. Veterinarian ) Mar 2, 2021 and incoordination training them properly M, Greensher J tiny, needle-like crystals are. Death by oleander is one of the how much oleander is poisonous to dogs oleander plant to your dogs cats! 1,000 species, are toxic to dogs the leaves on an oleander plant and are toxic whether the is! The risks are too high even in households made up solely of adults may an... Systemic toxicity is another potential result of inhalation shrub, even if dry. Toxicity is another potential result of inhalation all the diarrhea, lethargy, vomiting, and.... Of daisy intoxication include hypersalivation, dermatitis, and oleander are also toxic for dogs these shrubs also cardiac... Burn any part of the rose of Sharon, it can be tricky video consultation with an experienced within! Among the plants that are toxic to both dogs and cats health and the for... Is co-founder of on Fiction Writing, a large number of outdoor plants dangerous to your garden, heres you..., as they must if the point is how much oleander is poisonous to dogs be 50mg/kg body weight a single leaf can be lethal a. Is another potential result of inhalation of oleandrin Content of Hot dogs cooked Nerium... Lethal to a child eating it, although mortality is generally very low maintenance, are!

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