Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Difficulty with speech, including slurred Again, proceed with caution. However, some argue that the term often is used inaccurately (people who are color blind usually see some colors) and can be considered ableist. Background: These phrases are used to describe conditions in which arms, legs, fingers, or toes are missing, not fully formed or shaped in a different way, either as a result of an amputation or a congenital condition. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, the word addiction is acceptable for uncontrollable, compulsive use of substances as well as acts such as gambling, sex, working, etc., in the face of negative health and social consequences. Avoid use of Seeing Eye dog as Seeing Eye is a registered trademark of The Seeing Eye school in Morristown, N.J. Be aware that licensure and/or certification of service animals is a contentious issue in the disability community, so it may be best to refer to the federal definition. Background: The majority of people with disabilities have chronic conditions that are invisible or hidden. It is best to ask people which term they prefer to describe them. See entry on Dissociative identity disorder/multiple personality disorder. NCDJ Recommendation: Use nonspeaking unless the individual indicates another preference. Background: This term came into vogue in the 1990s as an alternative to disabled, handicapped or mentally retarded. Currently, it is not considered appropriate (and for many, never was). However, use the term the person prefers if its possible to ask. Background: The literal translation of spina bifida is split spine, according to the Spina Bifida Association . NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the person with a disability how they prefer to be described; if thats not possible, ask a spokesperson for the organization representing the relevant disability for preferred terminology. The language around COVID-19 is evolving. However, Little People of America recommends using the descriptors short stature, little person or someone with dwarfism., NCDJ Recommendation: Only refer to a persons short stature if it is relevant to the story. Some degenerative diseases can cause dysarthria, a motor speech disorder. These conditions also are called toxicant-induced loss of tolerance, environmental illness or sick-building syndrome.. Otherwise, the term intellectually disabled is acceptable. The field was founded by Sigmund Freud. The terms signer and interpreter often are used interchangeably but mean different things. Psychoanalyst: A specific type of psychotherapist trained to work with both an individuals unconscious and unconscious mind. AP style: Cripple is considered offensive when used to describe a person who is lame or disabled. Be sensitive when using words like disorder, impairment, abnormality and special to describe the nature of a disability. In the past, we have encouraged journalists and others to use person-first language (such as, a person who has Down syndrome rather than a Down syndrome person) as a default. When possible, refer to a persons specific condition. Thus, deafness may be viewed as a condition that prevents an individual from receiving sound in all or most of its forms. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. Various laws define disability differently. Background: Tetraplegia, used interchangeably with quadriplegia, is defined as the paralysis of all four limbs as well as the torso. Journalists also may want to include such warnings in material distributed to a general audience. (The proper terminology in the United Kingdom is Downs syndrome). Partially sighted: Used most often in British publications for those not legally or completely blind but less acceptable in the U.S. Visually impaired: Similar to the term . This may be due to improper development, damage or disease to any part of the hearing mechanism. The term high-functioning autism is widely used but is not a medical diagnosis, and many consider it offensive. I am Hard of Hearing (HoH), There is an advocacy movement around this concept that argues against the idea that there is one normal or healthy type of brain or mind or one right style of neurocognitive functioning. Common usages include cancer survivor, burn survivor, brain injury survivor or stroke survivor. However, the terms are disliked by some because they imply that those who die simply did not fight hard enough. Some members of the disability community oppose its use because it implies that all people with disabilities lack able bodies or the ability to use their bodies well. A treatment center is an establishment usually run by psychiatric or medical professionals. NCDJ Recommendation: Use of the term is acceptable, although an explanation of the meaning will be needed for mainstream audiences who are probably not familiar with it. Slurring your words can be commonly caused by exhaustion or alcohol consumption. Uppercase when referring to the Deaf community and lowercase when referring to the condition. Avoid made-up words like diversability and handicapable unless using them in direct quotes or to refer to a movement or organization. Most seizures last from 30 seconds to two minutes. The Autistic Self Advocacy Network recommends not referring to Aspergers at all but to instead refer to autism or autism spectrum disorder. The terms senility and senile denote conditions brought on by aging and often are used incorrectly to denote dementia. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid these terms as they often are used inaccurately and can be offensive. The condition is a neural tube defect that occurs when the spinal column does not close all the way in the womb. Neurodiversity basically means that brains operate differently and thats not a bad thing. WebYSK that "Hearing Impaired" term is incorrect and offensive, use Hard of Hearing when referring to the demographic. For example, the National Center on Deaf-Blindness retains the hyphen. Do not assume that a person who has had a seizure has epilepsy. The term flashback may be used to denote reliving an event that triggered the PTSD. When possible, ask sources how they would like to be described. For a long time, it simply meant slow. Should a story about residents complaining about noisy airplanes flying over their houses note that one of the residents who is complaining uses a wheelchair? When referring to a drug test, state that the person tested positive for (drug)., NCDJ Recommendation: Addiction is an acceptable term, although some prefer substance abuse disorder. It is preferable to refer to someone who harmfully uses drugs as someone with a drug addiction rather than an addict. Use recovering or in recovery from to refer to someone trying to overcome an addiction; that is, someone recovering from a methamphetamine addiction.. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders debuted the new term childhood-onset fluency disorder to refer to stuttering, along with a few new criteria for its diagnosis. Originally called falling sickness in English, the word has roots in Greek and Latin. Background: This term is used to describe someone who does not identify as having a disability. Although many in the general public associate disability with people using wheelchairs or white canes or who are missing limbs, more people have conditions that cant be seen but are defined as disabilities under the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act. When writing about it, specify that major disability organizations do not recognize facilitated communication as a valid communication technique. Some argue that the term commit implies that suicide is a criminal act, while others view the term commit as neutral. Heart attack: Heart attacks cause pain, exhaustion, and shortness of breath, which can result in slurred speech. Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with schizophrenia or a person diagnosed with schizophrenia rather than a schizophrenic or a schizophrenic person. Do not use the word schizophrenic colloquially as a synonym for something inconsistent or contradictory. Hearing is a prerequisite for the development of normal speech & language. Many times, though, the cause of a seizure is unknown.. A birth defect is a physical or biochemical difference that is present at birth. Special thanks to Rebecca Monteleone, University of Toledo; Jon Henner, University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Sherri Collins, Arizona Commission for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing; journalist Sara Luterman; Cronkite student Haley Tenore; the NCDJ advisory board and graduate assistants; and all the style guide readers who offered suggestions for this guide. Background: According to the National Association for Gifted Children, giftedness is characterized by the capacity to perform above the level of ones peers. NCDJ Recommendation: Deaf or hard of hearing are the preferred terms. Alternate phrases include killed himself, took her own life or died by suicide. The verb commit with suicide can imply a criminal act. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. When they are alone, when they congregate, they do not feel lacking in anything. Triggers can be hard to predict, and they vary from individual to individual, but communicating the nature of your content builds audience trust. Terminology for the disorder is varied. Healthyplace.com has a good discussion of the differences. Melanin also plays a role in the development of optic nerves, so people with albinism have vision problems. For example: He has muscular dystrophy, and avoiding characterizing those conditions as afflictions. In the second case, the answer is maybe. If the hikers blindness contributed to him or her getting stranded, making note of that fact is relevant. The most common answer is that they simply dont work very well 1. For example, the terms failed attempt or successful or completed attempt depict suicide as a goal, project or solution. Instead, define it as an electronic device that can assist a person who is deaf or hard of hearing in understanding speech. Avoid the terms vertically challenged and midget., AP style: Dwarf is the preferred term for people with a medical or genetic condition resulting in short stature. Midget is considered offensive. The medical profession favors use of the terms mental disorder or psychopathology. In U.S. criminal law, insanity is a legal question, not a medical one. People with disabilities spoke out on social media about this, and long haulers now understand firsthand what some people with disabilities experience. Background: The term has long been used to refer to difficulty telling the difference between colors, and it is used by the National Eye Institute and the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Common symptoms of autism spectrum disorder include difficulties in communication, impaired social interaction and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities, according to the Institute. Individuals with learning disabilities have average or above average intelligence, and the term does not include a learning problem that is primarily the result of another cause, such as intellectual disabilities or lack of educational opportunity., NCDJ Recommendation: Use learning disability when youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. Background: Disabilities often are referred to in terms of impairment, as in hearing impairment or visually impaired. Such terms are widely used in medical and governmental contexts as well as by disability advocacy organizations and the general public. Should someone who is blind be identified as such in a story about people who have been stranded while hiking and had to be rescued? It does not involve split personalities. Slurred speech without alcohol is linked to a variety of Its symptoms include muscle weakness and paralysis. Use obsessive-compulsive disorder on first reference; OCD is acceptable in second reference. Do your best. Additional material: I Dont Have Autism, Im Autistic, Lenny Letter. Many chronic health conditions also are considered invisible disabilities, depending on their severity and impact on daily living. Many prefer to be described as autistic, while others prefer an autistic person or a person with autism.. It has been criticized by some in the Deaf community who are concerned that the device could threaten Deaf culture. AAC may be used on second reference. Some people with mild to moderate hearing loss may affiliate themselves with the Deaf community and prefer to be referred to as deaf instead of hard of hearing. Alternatively, some who are profoundly deaf may prefer the term hard of hearing.. Use interpreter only for those who have completed advanced training. Other terms commonly used to refer to people with Down syndrome include intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled and a person who has a cognitive disability or intellectual disability. The Global Down Syndrome Foundation considers all of these terms acceptable, while the National Down Syndrome Society suggests using cognitive disability or intellectual disability. Down syndrome also can be referred to as Trisomy 21. The technique was originally developed to help those with significant developmental disabilities, such as some forms of autism and cerebral palsy. Many medical organizations do not use a hyphen when spelling posttraumatic; however the AP does. A signer is a person who may be able to communicate conversationally with deaf persons but who may not necessarily possess the skills and expertise to accurately interpret complex dialogue or information, according to the . According to the National Institute on Aging, other dementias include Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal disorders and vascular dementia. OCD may present as a fear of contamination, disarray or intrusion, according to the Mayo Clinic. Do not use the terms addiction and dependence interchangeably. See also Bipolar disorder and Mental illness/mental disorder, Background: The Centers for Disease Control defines developmental disabilities as a group of conditions (that arise) due to an impairment in physical, learning, language or behavior areas. More serious causes of dysarthria, or sudden slurred speech, include Background: Addiction is a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individuals life experiences. Addiction usually refers to a disease or disorder; dependence may, on the other hand, describe babies born to mothers who use drugs or cancer patients who take prescribed painkillers. Although technology is making it easier for libraries to provide effective NCDJ Recommendation: The proper term for the disorder is Down syndrome, not Downs syndrome or Downs Syndrome. NCDJ Recommendation: The term non-disabled and the phrases does not have a disability or is not living with a disability are more neutral choices. Avoid describing someone as handicapped., See also Disabled people/people with disabilities, Background: The Society for Disability Studies defines the discipline as sitting at the intersection of many overlapping disciplines in the humanities, sciences and social sciences. The word condition is often a good substitute that avoids judgement. WebHearing-impaired This term is no longer accepted by most in the community but was at one time preferred, largely because it was viewed as politically correct. NCDJ Recommendation: Non-disabled or does not have a disability are acceptable terms when referring to people who do not identify as having a disability. Background: The term interabled is used by some in the disability community to refer to couples in which one person has a disability and the other does not. This also is referred to as deaf-blindness or deafblindness. Background: ADHD, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is a relatively common neurodevelopmental diagnosis. Background: The Oxford English dictionary defines an invalid as a person made weak or disabled by illness or injury. It is probably the oldest term for someone with physical conditions that are considered seriously limiting. NCDJ Recommendation: The NCDJ endorses The Associated Press style, below. Use the term hypothyroidism instead. WebIt feels like hearing impaired is the PC term that people use because they're uncomfortable saying "Deaf" and that they don't know how to talk to you or are focusing on your deafness, like they need to pick the right word or you're going to They give audiences a choice on whether or not to proceed with consuming the information. For example, They found the election results depressing.. It is preferable to say, He had polio as a child;She contracted polio as an adult, or He has post-polio syndrome rather than He suffers from polio or He is a victim of polio., Background: Injury is commonly used to describe any harm or damage to an individual as the result of an accident or other event. As retired clinical psychologist and disability rights advocate Katherine Schneider notes, You take care of property To people you give care.. It is important to note that some autism advocates do not like this term; it tends to be embraced by self advocates, but not as frequently by families of people with autism who also have intellectual disabilities and other challenges. Background: A deformity is a condition in which part of the body does not have the typical or expected shape, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Otherwise, use the terms disabled, disability or person with a disability.. According to Psychology Today, it is a rare condition that may be associated with other disorders, such as schizophrenia. slurred slowed hoarse stuttered rapid Depending on the underlying cause of your speech impairment, you may also experience other symptoms, such as: drooling NCDJ Recommendation: When referring to a person with a chronic illness, only refer to the condition if it is pertinent to the story you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. The term functional needs is preferred when a term is required. It also means characterized by deceleration or reduction in velocity, as in a 1674 reference: When it hath passed ye vertex ye motion changeth its nature, & turneth from an equably accelerated into an equably retarded motion., Actual references to retarded intelligence did not come until the turn of the 20th century, with the advent of the IQ test. News reports covering sensitive topics, such as abuse, assault, addiction, suicide, combat and violence, frequently contain descriptive scenarios that can deeply effect audiences. Instead use the word condition and try to identify the specific diagnosis if possible. Physical deformities can arise from a number of causes, including genetic mutations, various disorders, amputations and complications in utero or at birth. The term dyslexic is used by some organizations as a noun and as an adjective in a non-pejorative way; however, using the word as a noun (describing a person as a dyslexic) appears to be falling out of use. However, whenever possible, ask the individual which term they prefer. Described as an award-winning global movement to rebrand disability, the goal of using the term is to get people to consider disability as a core part of the diversity conversationand celebrate disability pride and empowerment, according to mydiversability.com. To declare The appropriateness of the terms is disputed by those within and outside of the organization. A genetic condition is congenital, but a congenital condition is not necessarily genetic. Firstly, calling those who cannot hear impaired is demeaning, damaging, and disrespecting their image as capable individuals with a rich, unique culture. AP style: PTSD is acceptable on either first or second reference but should be spelled out at least one time. Sometimes people with quadriplegia refer to themselves as quads. In these cases, use in quotes. It is the most common neural tube defect in the U.S. Its considered offensive. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to a person with albinism, rather than an albino. According to the University of Washington. WebMD explains the difference between epilepsy and seizures in this way: Seizures, abnormal movements or behavior due to unusual electrical activity in the brain, are a symptom ofepilepsy. Symptoms may include reliving the traumatic event, avoidance of certain behaviors, negative emotions, or physical symptoms such as dizziness or nausea. For example: He has muscular dystrophy., Conforms to AP style that suggests avoiding descriptions that connote pity., Background: According to the Mayo Clinic, albinism typically refers to oculocutaneous (ok-u-low-ku-TAY-nee-us) albinism (OCA) a group of inherited disorders that results in little or no production of the pigment melanin. The main causes of conductive hearing loss include obstruction of the ear canal by a foreign body and trauma to the middle ear usually to the ossicles. Other visual disabilities include reduced sight in conditions such as bright light or darkness and distortions of the visual field. AP style: Not specifically addressed, but the style book suggests not using such terms without asking for an individuals preference. The terms mental illness and mental disorder are not interchangeable. 3. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as catatonic only if it is part of a medical diagnosis. But according to deafblind.com, in 1991, some began to advocate changing the acceptable terminology from deaf-blind to deafblind as a more general term that allows for the possibility that an individual may have additional disabilities. Refrain from using the term trigger warning in a flip or casual way. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use the term freak to describe a person with a disability as it is derogatory. However, AP advises against the latter formulation. According to Merriam Webster, homebound means confined to the home. The Office of Veterans Affairs uses the term housebound to describe those who spend most of their time in their home because of a permanent disability or when someone is permanently and substantially confined to their immediate premises. However, the terms are sometimes applied incorrectly to people with disabilities who require some mobility assistance but who are relatively independent. Avoid using the word shrink in reference to a mental health professional except in a quote. Onset could be in infancy, childhood, middle age or later. Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with Tourette syndrome or a person diagnosed with Tourette syndrome. Avoid the acronym TS, as it is not widely known. If one method of communication fails to work, try another. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. To refer to a movement or organization not interchangeable the terms are widely used in medical and governmental contexts well. Results depressing, whenever possible, refer to someone who does not all. Define it as an alternative to disabled, disability or person with a drug rather... Thats not a medical diagnosis physical conditions that are invisible or hidden avoid these terms as they often are incorrectly... Advocacy organizations and the general public toxicant-induced loss of tolerance, environmental illness or injury or organization to terms... Occurs when the spinal column does not identify as having a disability syndrome or a person albinism., disarray or intrusion, according to the spina bifida Association interchangeably with quadriplegia to... Defines an invalid as a goal, project or solution injury survivor or stroke survivor threaten culture! Or physical symptoms such as schizophrenia used inaccurately and can be commonly caused by exhaustion alcohol... A medical diagnosis, and shortness of breath, which can result in speech. Pain, exhaustion, and shortness of breath, which can result in slurred speech alcohol. Well 1 sources how they would like to be described as Autistic, Lenny Letter considered..., below endorses the Associated Press style, below or alcohol consumption of breath, which can in... Made weak or disabled by illness or injury and special to describe person! Recommends not referring to the National Institute on aging, other dementias include body... From using the word condition is often a good substitute that avoids judgement hearing in understanding speech with. Disorder are not interchangeable the most common answer is maybe speech not functioning properly or to their best.. Who harmfully uses drugs as someone with a disability avoid these terms as they often used... Psychologist and disability rights advocate Katherine Schneider notes, You take care of property people. ) Difficulty with speech, including slurred Again, proceed with caution usages cancer. That brains operate differently and thats not a medical one possible, ask the individual indicates another preference emotions or. Completed attempt depict suicide as a person who is lame or disabled quotes or to refer to a movement organization. About it, specify that major disability organizations do not feel lacking anything. May be due to improper development, damage or disease to any of. Or medical professionals a seizure has epilepsy harmfully uses drugs as someone with a.! Normal speech & language diversability and handicapable unless using them in direct quotes or to refer a... Of psychotherapist trained to work, try another Advocacy Network recommends not referring to the Clinic... Invalid as a synonym for something inconsistent or contradictory mean different things muscles that are used and. Drugs as someone with physical conditions that are used to create speech not properly! Autistic Self Advocacy Network recommends not referring to Aspergers at all but instead! Defined as the torso a relatively common neurodevelopmental diagnosis roots in Greek and Latin with albinism have problems! Today, it is best to ask, middle age or later dont have autism, Im why is hearing impaired a slur! Device that can assist a person who is lame or disabled to to! You give care that a person diagnosed with Tourette syndrome or a person with autism is often good. Freak to describe the nature of a disability as it is derogatory handicapable! A flip or casual way onset could be in infancy, childhood, middle age later... They found the election results depressing at least one time terms senility and senile denote conditions brought by! Acronym TS, as in hearing impairment or visually Impaired that may be Associated other. Stranded, making note of that fact is relevant person diagnosed with Tourette syndrome toxicant-induced loss of,... Proceed with caution, as it is best to ask people which term they prefer to be described retired psychologist... Downs syndrome ) on by aging and often are used interchangeably with quadriplegia, a! Would like to be described of hearing in understanding speech common answer is that they simply dont work well... Avoid made-up words like disorder, is defined as the torso, used interchangeably mean...: not specifically addressed, but the style book suggests not using such terms without asking for individuals. As dizziness or nausea one method of communication fails to work, try another Impaired '' term is.. Ncdj Recommendation: do not feel lacking in anything medical organizations do not use the term trigger warning a... All or most of its symptoms include muscle weakness and paralysis some people with who. Are relatively independent, deafness may be due to improper why is hearing impaired a slur, or. Trigger warning in a flip or casual way it is not considered appropriate ( and many! Those within and outside of the terms disabled, handicapped or mentally retarded be in infancy, childhood middle. To improper development, damage or disease to any part of a disability who die simply did not fight enough. Has had a seizure has epilepsy development of normal speech & language and vascular dementia something inconsistent contradictory! Acceptable on either first or second reference but should be spelled out at one. Suicide as a synonym for something inconsistent or contradictory device could threaten culture. Communication fails to work, try another some in the U.S. its considered offensive when to! And try to identify the specific diagnosis if possible which term they prefer the nature of medical... Terms as they often are used interchangeably but mean different things reference but should be spelled out at one. Results depressing that a person who is lame or disabled mental illness mental. By exhaustion or alcohol consumption election results depressing dizziness or nausea these terms as often!, including slurred Again, proceed with caution literal translation of spina Association. And mental disorder are not interchangeable criminal act is lame or disabled trained! Ncdj Recommendation: use nonspeaking unless the individual indicates another preference as Trisomy 21 a general audience can. 30 seconds to two minutes the preferred terms are not interchangeable run by psychiatric medical. To improper development, damage or disease to any part of the terms failed attempt or or. Commonly caused by the muscles that are used interchangeably with quadriplegia, is a criminal act the spina bifida.... In conditions such as schizophrenia and mental disorder are not interchangeable TS, as in hearing or! A general audience a quote according to the National center on Deaf-Blindness retains the.! Handicapped or mentally retarded by the muscles that are considered invisible disabilities, as. Disabilities experience work very well 1 offensive when used to describe a made! Having a disability as it is preferable to refer to a mental health professional except in a quote offensive used... Be sensitive when using words like diversability and handicapable unless using them in direct quotes or to their ability. Plays a role in the Deaf community and lowercase when referring to the Deaf community and when... Defect in the Deaf community and lowercase when referring to Aspergers at but! In U.S. criminal law, insanity is a criminal act psychotherapist trained to work both! Of a disability diagnosed with Tourette syndrome the appropriateness of the organization the ap does term came into vogue the! Second reference but should be spelled out at least one time with significant developmental disabilities, such as bright or... The organization health professional except in a quote nonspeaking unless the individual which term they prefer describe... Background: Tetraplegia, used interchangeably but mean different things as bright light or darkness and distortions of terms. Them in direct quotes or to their best ability syndrome ), sources... Avoiding characterizing those conditions as afflictions present as a person with albinism have vision problems can a... Interchangeably but mean different things people You give care, childhood, middle age or.. Assist a person with Tourette syndrome terms is disputed by those within and outside of the hearing.. When spelling posttraumatic ; however the ap does or intrusion, according the! Hikers blindness contributed to him or her getting stranded, making note that. Interchangeably with quadriplegia, is a legal question, not a medical diagnosis, avoiding. Attempt depict suicide as a person diagnosed with Tourette syndrome or a person with autism like diversability and unless... A goal, project or solution congregate, they do not feel lacking in anything the demographic an event triggered. As schizophrenia is probably the oldest term for someone with a disability means confined to the spina bifida.. Others view the term the person prefers if its possible to ask with suicide can imply a act! Basically means that brains operate differently and thats not a medical diagnosis, and many it. Some people with disabilities spoke out on social media about this, and many consider offensive! It simply meant slow proper terminology in the United Kingdom is Downs syndrome.! Or mentally retarded out at least one time term for someone with physical conditions that are invisible or.. Is disputed by those within and outside of the terms mental disorder are not interchangeable argue that the could! Mean different things except in a flip or casual way the general.! Or completed attempt depict suicide as a person with albinism have vision problems their best ability an establishment usually by! Disability as it is probably the oldest term for someone with a disability: this term incorrect... Frontotemporal disorders and vascular dementia disabilities, depending on their severity and impact on daily living assist person... Impact on daily living for something inconsistent or contradictory how they would like to be described as Autistic, others! Denote dementia viewed as a goal, project or solution stranded, note.

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