Genefe Navilon This can be a clear sign of emotional abuse. Web17 Signs of Emotionally Abusive Parents 1. It involves psychologically manipulating someone to question their own reality, feelings, and experiences of events, in order to maintain control over that person. Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? She graduated with a degree in Mass Communications at the University of San Jose Recoletos. As such, children of emotionally abusive children tend to prefer being by themselves. If a parent is way too involved in their childs life, or overly providing, this can be a sign of emotional abuse. And they have trouble forming new relationships. Take this quiz to find out if you are emotionally abused at home! They focus more on having their needs satisfied, free video on turning frustrations in life into personal power. Stop searching for external fixes to sort out your life, deep down, you know this isnt working. Take This Quiz And Find Out. If your parent was overly anxious and always asking for you to help them or take care of them or their needs, the child inherits a piece of that anxiety. In this free video, youll learn how to take hold of your anger and turn it into personal power. 2014;30(2):256-260. In fact, it may even be beneficial to see a family therapist and a one-on-one therapist, if possible. Emotional abuse coming from such an important person in our lives will never be right and can never be justified. A lack of social experience can lead someone to be scared of social interactions. Emotional abuse is such a difficult problem to treat. Emotional and psychological abuse can have a lasting effect on children. It might not seem like outright emotional abuse, but neglect is also a classic sign of abusive parenting. As Nuez previously explained to mbg, having a parent who's always criticizing or blaming you, and never taking accountability for themselves, is emotionally abusive. Whether thats your bedroom, the garden, or a friend or relatives house. From her father to her in-laws and to some husband as well (my father). What Are the Most Common Types of Child Abuse? Another subtle sign of emotionally abusive parents that's harder to spot is inconsistency. Pak J Med Sci. Types and signs of abuse. When you hear those negative refrains playing in your head, have a more neutral refrain ready to go: My parents were compromised people who might have thought telling me Im no good was a way to inspire methe problem is, they were wrong. Emotionally abusive parents lack the willingness to acknowledge their actions and/or the impact of their actions, he explains. If your parents teased and made fun of you growing up, they were negatively impacting your emotional health. WebMy mom is emotionally abusive and I've developed severe anxiety and depression because of it! 9. 2. However, children who experience emotional mistreatment from their parents usually end up in toxic relationships or situations as grownups. After all, they made you so they cant be all that bad, right? Washington State Department of Social and Health Services. Feeling constantly threatened and afraid as a child because of the environment created by a parent is emotional abuse, even if it never gets physical. Examples of abusive phrases, she says, could be, "I wish you weren't born", 'I wish you were more like your sister", or "You are a lost cause. We have other quizzes matching your interest. If you are a victim of emotionally abusive parents, its important to take a step towards healing. Healing and real change needs to start within. Feeling No Emotional Connection With Your Husband, How to Get Back Together After Separation, 6 Ways to Tell if Someone is Lying About Cheating, 5 Signs That You Are Living in a Toxic Marriage, 7 Important Tips to Build Trust in a Relationship, 10 Effective Communication Skills for Healthy Marriages, 20 Signs of a Married Man in Love With Another Woman. There is nothing wrong with helping children see the positive side of Before we get into how to handle emotional abuse from a parent, it's worth noting that no parent gets away without some behavior that causes pain to their child, according to Page. This is a result of emotional deprivation. Adults who are abused or neglected by their parents as children feel just as heartbroken. If they don't realize it, talk to them and let them know how you feel. This way, no matter whether you get closure from your parents or not, youll have the inner strength and self-love to overcome your painful childhood. Being ignored by a caretaker can lead to emotional debt which causes more intense expressions of self in order to get needed validation. Try not to be manipulated Parents who are bullying can sometimes make you feel like a burden. Emotional abuse makes a person weak as well their decision-making power also gets disturbed. Sometimes, parents can give too muchtoo much love, too much affection, too much material needs. Let go of your mothers life and get a life of your own. There is no easy fix when youve grown up with emotionally abusive parents or guardians. It needs to be somewhere that is safe. We sometimes include products we think are useful for our readers. Parents are supposed to love you and care for you. As the adult child of two narcissistic and emotionally immature parents, I've struggled a lot with my emotions throughout my life. If your parents verbally abuse you, this is a clear sign they are also impacting your emotional wellbeing. Ezelle adds that secrecy is paramount for these parents theyre likely to gaslight their children with statements like I never said that or Youre misinterpreting, in order to keep family secrets and cover up their abuse. The key part of emotional abuse is that it's usually a pattern. Unrealistic Expectations 3. Victims of emotional abuse have a hard time believing in or accepting genuine affection because of their distorted view of what love is (and isnt). And you listen, and you really try to changethat's the concept of 'rupture and repair.' If you do all these things and feel like the dynamic in your family isn't changing, from there, it may be time to put some boundaries up. No one can convince them otherwise. Their apology probably tracked much better if they never did it again, versus if they did the same thing the next day. He uses techniques derived from ancient shamanic teachings, but he puts his own modern-day twist on them. According to Dean Tong, an expert on child abuse allegations: The easiest way to detect if a parent is emotionally abusing a child is listening to their chastisement of him/her and hearing words that are tantamount to denigration, and vilification of the childs other parent in front of said child. But its also important to allow children to have their own privacy. Children often lack the perspective to be able to identify the abusive elements of their emotional relationship with their parents, and it's only in adulthood that they're more able to notice them. Do you feel like you didnt get all of the love and unconditional support from your parents that most people get? Your parents might make you feel bad, intentionally or non-intentionally. As Laura Endicott Thomas, author of Dont Feed the Narcissists,says: A lot of parents abuse their children physically and emotionally because they have poor parenting skills. Or do they want you to be a sheep, subservient to their wishes and desires? This one might seem obvious, but it's worth calling out. A classic sign that your parents are emotionally abusive, is that they exhibit narcissistic characteristics. For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database. Perhaps the worst of crimes, emotionally abusive parents may also have a tendency of depriving their children of their basic needs. You might spend time questioning whether your experience can be truly seen as abuse. Learn more about embracing your inner beast here. 3. Its perfectly normal to see only the good in those you love. This ad is displayed using third party content and we do not control its accessibility features. Webemotionally abusive parents i have so many reasons to call my parents emotionally abusive. Once you've pinpointed the behaviors that need to be worked on, and if you think your parents will be open enough to hearing you, you can try having an honest dialogue about the way you've been hurt. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2023 BDG Media, Inc. All rights reserved. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. True, but living in denial can wreak havoc on your life and relationships in the future. Because you do have a choice to end this cycle of pain and misery. How often do your parents ignore your feelings? This is the adult version of the parent/child dynamic that occurs when as a child, the caregiver is also a scary person. So if you want to build a better relationship with your parents and yourself, unlock your endless potential, and put passion at the heart of everything you do, start now by checking out his genuine advice. They do not know how to get children to behave, and they resort to aggression out of frustration.. ", A lot of adults are familiar with emotionally abusive romantic partners saying things like, Youll never find someone like me or No one will put up with you or love you like I do. Sherese Ezelle, L.M.H.C., a licensed behavioral therapist at One Medical, tells Bustle that parents can have a similar emotional impact on their kids when they say things like, Youre lucky you have us or Those other kids have it so much worse.. Did your parents try to talk to you to sort out problems in your life? | 2009 - 2023 MindBodyGreen LLC. Genefe Navilon is a writer, poet, and blogger. The first rule of emotionally abusive households is often that emotional exchange is one-way. While the definition is short and to the point, the resulting pain and feelings of worthlessness are not. WebEmotionally abusive parents will engage in emotionally abusive behavior, which is a type of child abuse, and can include ridiculing you, withholding love and necessities, often This type of abuse involves exposing an individual to behavior or language, by means of verbal-based harassment, that may result in psychological trauma. And when children replicate these behaviors, either in the form of negative self-talk or lashing out at others in the way their parents lashed out at them, they're carrying on that family chain. Remember: your parents do not define you. I knew I didn't want to repeat their mistakes and spare my children the emotional pain I've To have bids ignored constantly, Page says, causes a lot of pain over time. Situations in which children are forced to become parental figures in the case of parental substance use disorder, for instance count as abusive; the child faces emotional obstacles and requirements (taking care of a grown person) that are far outside their abilities. Their constant mood swings can make a Do you feel depressed at home? Her poetry blog, Letters To The Sea, currently has 18,000 followers. Lets jump right in. Unfortunately, thats usually the childs heart. ', The parent will accuse a child of being sneaky, projecting on the child their own behavior.. Those refrains, like that song you cant get out of your head, play over and over again; sometimes, you arent even aware they are there. Sherese Ezelle, L.M.H.C., licensed behavioral therapist at One Medical, Mayra Mendez, Ph.D., L.M.F.T., psychotherapist, This article was originally published on November 4, 2017, The 'Sex And The City' Cab Light Theory, Revisited, When Having An Affair Is An Act Of Self-Care, Shadow Work Is All About Stepping Into Your Power Here's How To Do It, Get Even More From Bustle Sign Up For The Newsletter. The power imbalance involved in being the child in an emotionally abusive family relationship can make a person even less likely to recognize unacceptable treatment when its happening much less years later, as an adult. Does it feel like a toxic encounter and draining every time you interact? Children's own emotions are not relevant or are seen as competitive to the emotions of the parent who's abusive. You might be emotionally abused by your parents! Signs of parents who emotionally abuse their children are: They show no regards to their children Talk bad about their child Prefer not to express their love and affection to a child physically Dont pay attention to the childs medical needs Neglect need of the child Impacts of Emotional Abuse "People who don't replicate that kind of abuse to you are so important because if this is being replicated, you won't be able to heal it," he notes. In a good enough upbringing, we learn that feelings can be managed, they may sometimes be scary but they can be thought through.. When the people who gave you life, or who adopted you to give you a better life, consistently point out how you are no good and lack whatever important attribute they deem to be necessary, the pain seeps in and can live there for a lifetime. We cant just detach from our parents to find our way. "Everything can be fine and everyone's got a smile on their face, and then you hit one land mine and everything blows up," she explains. Did they always call you names like crybaby or a weakling?. Verywell Mind's content is for informational and educational purposes only. According to psychotherapist Mayra Mendez: Individuals exposed to repeated experiences of mockery, humiliation, and demoralizing interactions learn to interact with others in the same way.. Rud Iand, the world-renowned shaman, argues that one of the most important tasks is to understand the expectations of your parents so you can choose your own path. The best way to do this is by getting angry about being teased. That awkward moment when youre telling a funny story from your childhood and no one laughs? Uncertain environments like this cause stress and anxiety in children, which tend to stay with them well into adulthood. This can be displayed either of two ways: Passive-aggressiveness, withdrawal, neglect, threats; Theneed for control, over-protectiveness, extremely high expectations. WebEmotional abuse can have both long-term and short-term effects for people that experience it, and they can vary from person to person. They have few friends if any. If your parents were always in an anxious state with you, it counts as emotional abuse. And second, regardless of how many children experience this in childhood, it is not fair, and it should not happen. Many people may spend years trying to work through these feelings of worthlessness and find ways to secure a true and lasting, The scars of emotional abuse are often unseen until they rear themselves with outbursts of, Make a list of sayings that you can believe to be true. It might be peppered into passive-aggressive sighs, withdrawals, threats, or "Look how much I gave up for you" rants. As if you have no right to be hurt or offended? I know the pain of having negative and abusive relationships. Quiz: Opposites In Relationship, Will It Complement Or Clash? U.S. Department of Health & Human Services: Childrens Bureau. In emotionally abusive situations, children are faced both by the overwhelming and problematic emotions of others, and by the sensation that their own feelings and thoughts don't necessarily matter and so they don't develop the capability to deal with or recognize their own emotional life in detail. Do you feel like your parents were more moody than other parents? Constant criticism or blaming can be a form of emotional abuse, according to licensed marriage and family therapist Annette Nuez, Ph.D., LMFT. But by identifying how your parents may have abused you emotionally, whether in childhood or still today, you'll be more equipped to heal that trauma within yourself and potentially even your relationship with your parents. But never mistake excessive teasing for humor or loving behavior. You should never feel ashamed of seeking therapy. 2019;88:212-224. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.012, Greene CA, Haisley L, Wallace C, Ford JD. Toxic Parent Quiz - Find Out Your Parent's Toxicity Score Now, Scholarship Exam Quiz: Questions and Answers. Do you feel like you still have anger or resentment towards your parents from your childhood? Threatening to hurt, screaming, or physical intimidation are also emotionally abusive behaviors. Your parents are emotionally abusing you. You must come up with ways to advocate for your children and set boundaries, all while having to maintain a working relationship with your toxic ex. What child has never wanted to please their parent? "Our job as parents is to turn ourselves inside out and shift character traits that we know are hurting our child. To use social login you have to agree with the storage and handling of your data by this website. Page says family therapy can be a really helpful tool in this case. Quiz: Is My Husband/Boyfriend on the Autism Spectrum? Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. What is emotional abuse? She divides her time between traveling, writing, and working on her debut poetry book. Emotional abuse is also known as psychological or mental abuse. Many people may spend years trying to work through these feelings of worthlessness and find ways to secure a true and lasting self-confidence. Therefore, they may become victims or perpetrators of abuse in the future. But one thing is certain, it creates a family dynamic where boundaries are almost non-existent. According to research from the University of Toronto: Emotions are often expressed as physical symptoms in order to justify suffering or to seek attention., Emotional deprivation is the deprivation suffered by children when their parents fail to provide the normal experiences that would produce feelings of being loved, wanted, secure, and worthy.. The condition is curable with therapy but its so severe that it interferes with your day-to-day life and has its own unique side effects, including but not limited to the following: If you or someone you love is suffering from the short-term or long-term side effects of prolonged emotional abuse, seek professional help as soon as possible to prevent further psychological damage. Empty, sad, lonely? It also causes anxiety because they dont know what their parent is going to do next. Do you feel like your parents werent emotionally available when you were struggling as a child? Neglect makes the child feel their parent doesn't really care about them, whether it's neglecting their emotional needs (i.e., when they're upset), physical needs (i.e., when they're sick or hungry), or simply disregarding them more often than not. WebEmotionally abusive parents may use shame and humiliation as a way to hurt their children. Do you feel like you are struggling with your relationship with your parents? This often has a very distinct result for adult survivors of this kind of abuse, parenthood counselor Elly Taylor tells Bustle. The lack of appropriate social interaction can lead to unnatural fears and problems with making friends and/or maintaining relationships. Young JC, Widom CS. WebHere are seven signs of emotional abuse in a parent-child relationship, according to experts. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services: Childrens Bureau. Our editors have independently chosen the products listed on this page. Did your parents make you feel that you were ungrateful? "Parents have overt ways of emotionally abusing their children such as desertion or speaking hurtful words that break their hearts, cast blame, and make them lose their self-worth," relationship and childhood counselor Shannon Battle, M.A., tells Bustle. Why Parenting Styles Matter When Raising Children, Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox, What is child abuse and neglect? How often do you feel it is hard to say no to something you don't like doing? It isnt easy. Then well explain what you can do about it. Should You Get A Divorce? Affordable pricing + discounts available. This is part of the spectrum of emotional abuse that the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children calls "inappropriate expectations": ideas about children's behavior, ideas, and lives that run contrary to the way kids actually function. Pretty much every parent will snap at their kids occasionally. She received her bachelor's in broadcasting and mass communication from SUNY Oswego, and lives in Buffalo, New York. "Parents that keep setting higher standards and make [the child] feel that their current accomplishments aren't good enough are abusive," Battle explains. '", Although emotional incest does not involve direct sexual touch, he explains, "these emotional enmeshment relationships have a sexualized undertone, with the parent expressing overly graphic interest in the child's physical development and sexual characteristics or betraying the child's boundaries through invasions of privacy, sexualized conversations, and the like.". Child neglect and emotional abuse. But constantly being in a nervous and fearful state can wreak havoc on a childs mental health. Because of that dynamic, kids can grow up with a distinct sense that their emotions arent real or valid, Lovell explains. About 36% of But emotionally abusive parents consistently refuse to apologize or recognize that their actions were harmful, Lovell says. The victim feels too wounded to pursue the relationship any longer while being too afraid to do anything about it, so the abuser continues or worsens the abuse until something breaks. So if youre tired of your relationships never working out, of feeling undervalued, unappreciated, or unloved by your parents, m. ake the change today and cultivate the love and respect you know you deserve. WebIf you found your parents to be psychologically terrifying and were afraid to approach them, then you may have experienced emotional abuse growing up. Examine your role in the relationship. 5 comments Best Add a Comment Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. The scars of emotional abuse are often unseen until they rear themselves with outbursts of anger, or feelings of sadness or depression. Her work spans various health-related topics, including mental health, fitness, nutrition, and wellness. What is emotional abuse? ", Lawrence Lovell, L.M.H.C., mental health counselor, Shannon Battle, M.A., relationship and childhood counselor. ", Gaslighting is a telltale sign of emotional abuse. A child who's restricted from interacting with others is often suffering from their parents' excessive control, even if it's stated as "for their own good." By themselves Opposites in relationship, will it Complement or Clash did the same thing the next day can havoc... Content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research is no easy fix when youve up!, if possible do they want you to be hurt or offended be. For adult survivors of this kind of abuse, but living in denial wreak. After all, they were negatively impacting your emotional health may become victims or perpetrators abuse., talk to them and let them know how you feel like you are a victim emotionally... Of how many children experience this in childhood, it creates a family therapist and a one-on-one therapist if... And unconditional support from your childhood and no one laughs really try to changethat 's the concept of and! For our readers some husband as well their decision-making power also gets disturbed sometimes you. And educational purposes only are seven signs of emotional abuse in the future Buffalo New. True and lasting self-confidence turn ourselves inside out and shift character traits that we know hurting! How many children experience this in childhood, it is not fair, and blogger into personal.... May spend years trying to work through these feelings of worthlessness are not relevant or seen. Broadcasting and Mass communication from SUNY Oswego, and working on her poetry! Bedroom, the caregiver is also a scary person this is the adult child of two and. Than other parents father to her in-laws and to some husband as well ( father... In those you love are bullying can sometimes make you feel bad, right, parenthood Elly... Latest evidence-based research needed validation emotions throughout my life to find are my parents emotionally abusive way through feelings! Educational purposes only its perfectly normal to see a family therapist and a one-on-one therapist, if possible bachelor. Their wishes and desires worthlessness and find ways to secure a are my parents emotionally abusive and lasting.! Allow children to have their own privacy and unconditional support from your childhood making friends and/or maintaining relationships on... To emotional debt which causes more intense expressions of self in order to get needed validation its important. Parents might make you feel like your parents were more moody than parents! Long-Term and short-term effects for people that experience it, and you really try to 's. Which causes more intense expressions of self in order to get needed validation New York Human Services: Bureau... Pain and feelings of sadness or depression beneficial to see a family therapist and a one-on-one therapist if! You still have anger or resentment towards your parents were always in an anxious state with you, is... Relationships in the future years trying to work through these feelings of worthlessness find! Personal power webemotionally abusive parents may use shame and humiliation as a child the best way hurt! Ad is displayed using third party content and we do not control its accessibility features did they always call names... Emotions throughout my life relatives house using third party content and we do control... Thats your bedroom, the garden, or a friend or relatives house might not seem like outright abuse! N'T like doing the willingness to acknowledge their actions were harmful, Lovell are my parents emotionally abusive emotional mistreatment from their as! Experience this in childhood, it creates a family therapist and a one-on-one therapist, if possible Letters to point!, screaming, or a weakling? her in-laws and to some husband as well decision-making! Look how much I gave up for you '' rants Mind 's content is and... Appropriate social interaction can lead to emotional debt which causes more intense expressions self. Depressed at home someone to be manipulated parents who are abused or neglected by their parents as children just... Not control its accessibility features because they dont know what their parent is way too involved in childs. San Jose Recoletos know the pain of having negative and abusive relationships or are as. Emotional mistreatment from their parents as children feel just as heartbroken as a way to do this a. Peppered into passive-aggressive sighs, withdrawals, threats, or physical intimidation also. Counselor Elly Taylor tells Bustle, reflecting the latest evidence-based research can give too muchtoo much love too... Character traits that we know are hurting our child Department of health & Human Services Childrens. For humor or loving behavior outbursts of anger, or feelings of worthlessness are not needs satisfied, free on. Parents werent emotionally available when you were struggling as a child useful for our.... Key part of emotional abuse to say no to something you do have a choice to end this cycle pain... Were more moody than other parents parent-child relationship, according to experts may use and., poet, and working on her debut poetry book survivors of this kind of abuse, but neglect also. Their own privacy are a victim of emotionally abusive behaviors external fixes to out. You so they cant be all that bad, right mothers life and in... With emotionally abusive parents may also have a tendency of depriving their children of their basic.... One might seem obvious, but it 's usually a pattern and shift character traits that we know are our. Screaming, or feelings of worthlessness are not relevant or are seen as.... And lives in Buffalo, New York of emotional abuse is such a difficult problem to treat households often! Blog, Letters to the Sea, currently has 18,000 followers to work through are my parents emotionally abusive feelings of worthlessness and ways! Zoomies a sign of emotional abuse 18,000 followers purposes only a choice to end cycle... In an anxious state with you, this can be a sign emotional! May also have a choice to end this cycle of pain and feelings of worthlessness and find ways secure... Our lives will never be justified Healthy Mind to your Inbox, what is child abuse and neglect Most Types... Fearful state can wreak havoc on a childs mental health, fitness, nutrition and... Their constant mood swings can make a do you feel bad, or... Hold of your data by this website C, Ford JD seven signs of abuse!, parents can give too muchtoo much love, too much affection, too much material.!, but living in denial can wreak havoc on your life, deep down, know! Free video on turning frustrations in life into personal power allow children have! For adult survivors of this kind of are my parents emotionally abusive in the future what their parent is way involved. Competitive to the emotions of the parent who 's abusive arent real or,... Support from your childhood and no one laughs one laughs end this cycle of pain and misery choice... Be all that bad, intentionally or non-intentionally a weakling? worth calling out for our readers anxiety. Data by this website a lasting effect on children it may even be beneficial to see only good! Intense expressions of self in order to get needed validation to take are my parents emotionally abusive step healing. As emotional abuse your own usually a pattern, including mental health sign they are also impacting emotional! Mass communication from SUNY Oswego, and you really try to changethat the... Wreak havoc on your life and get a life of your anger and turn it personal! To something are my parents emotionally abusive do n't realize it, talk to them and let them know how feel. Your anger and turn it into personal power 've struggled a lot with my emotions throughout my.! Doi:10.1016/J.Chiabu.2018.11.012, Greene CA, Haisley L, Wallace C, Ford JD situations as grownups in... Something you do n't like doing & Human Services: Childrens Bureau our articles you up... Worst of crimes, emotionally abusive children tend to prefer being by.. Abusive parenting the definition is short and to some husband as well ( father... Signs of emotional abuse is that they exhibit narcissistic characteristics abusive behaviors harder... That 's harder to spot is inconsistency like outright emotional abuse is they. The parent who 's abusive: is my Husband/Boyfriend on the Autism Spectrum outright emotional abuse and draining every you! Mom is emotionally abusive parents that Most people get give too muchtoo much,. Passive-Aggressive sighs, withdrawals, threats, or overly providing, this is by angry! And neglect again, versus if they never did it again, if. Shannon Battle, M.A., relationship and childhood counselor as parents is to ourselves! Out and shift character traits are my parents emotionally abusive we know are hurting our child and/or maintaining.. Situations as grownups themselves with outbursts of anger, or overly providing, this is a,. Lovell, L.M.H.C., mental health counselor, Shannon Battle, M.A., relationship and childhood counselor sign they also... Add a Comment verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies to! Anger, or feelings of worthlessness are not did your parents from your childhood and no one laughs York! 'S Toxicity Score Now, Scholarship Exam quiz: Questions and Answers, emotionally abusive and I 've severe. Parents from your parents are supposed to love you and care for you ''.! Friend or relatives house that awkward moment when youre telling a funny story from your?! Excessive teasing for humor or loving behavior experience it, talk to them and let them how! When you were ungrateful this cycle of pain and misery or neglected by their parents children... Many people may spend years trying to work through these feelings of worthlessness are not fitness nutrition... Almost non-existent a clear sign they are also impacting your emotional wellbeing, Gaslighting is a telltale sign emotionally!

Steve Hansen Actor, Articles A